Term
| What are the subdivisions of the nervous system? |
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Definition
- central nervous system
- peripheral nervous system
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Term
| What are the two subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system? |
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Definition
- afferent division: sensory information
- efferent division: motor commands
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Term
| What does the central nervous system consist of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the peripheral nervous system consist of? |
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Definition
| all neural tissue outside the CNS |
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Term
| What are the 3 places the afferent division delivers information from? |
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Definition
- somatic sensory receptors
- visceral sensory receptors
- special sense organs
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Term
| somatic sensory receptors |
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Definition
| monitor skeletal muscles, joints, and the skin |
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Term
| visceral sensory receptors |
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Definition
| monitor other internal tissues such as smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| brings sensory information to the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| carries motor commands to muscles and glands |
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Term
| What two components make up the efferent division? |
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Definition
- somatic nervous system
- autonomic nervous systems
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Term
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Definition
| controls skeletal muscle contractions; voluntary and involuntary (reflexes) |
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Term
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Definition
| or visceral motor system, which regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity |
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Term
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Definition
| nerve cells responsible for the transfer and processing of information in the nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| branches from cell body that receives information from other neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| 80-90% of the neurons total surface area |
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Term
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Definition
| elongated dendrite that ends at one or more synaptic terminals |
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Term
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Definition
| where the neuron communicated with another cell |
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Term
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Definition
supporting cells that:
- provide a supporting framework for the neural tissue
- help maintain the intercellular environment
- act as phagocytes
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 types of glial cells (neuroglia)? |
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Definition
- astrocytes
- oligodendrocytes
- microglia
- ependymal cells
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Term
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Definition
| wasting away of the myelin sheath |
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Term
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Definition
| regulate the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the neuron cell body and extracellular fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| a specialized site where the neuron communicates with another cell |
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Term
| What are the 4 STRUCTURAL classifications of neurons? |
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Definition
- anaxonic
- bipolar
- pseudounipolar
- multipolar neurons
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Term
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Definition
no anatomical clues to distinguish dendrites from axons; found only in CNS and in special sense organs
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
have a number of fine dendrites that fuse to form a single dendrite; relatively rare but play an important role concerning sight, smell and hearing (axons not myelinated)
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
continuous dendritic and axonal processes and cell body lies off to side; usually sensory neurons of PNS
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
have several dendrites and a single axon that may have one or more branches; multipolar neurons are the most common type of neuron in the CNS
[image] |
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Term
| What are the 3 FUNCTIONAL classifications of neurons? |
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Definition
- sensory neurons
- motor neurons
- interneurons
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| association neurons-what connect motor and sensory neurons |
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Term
| ____________ neurons always enter the ____________ spinal cord. This is considered _______________ |
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Definition
| SENSORY---->DORSAL---->AFFERENT |
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Term
____________ neurons always exit the ____________ spinal cord. This is considered _______________
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Definition
| MOTOR---->VENTRAL---->EFFERENT |
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Term
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Definition
| of the body, or relating to the body |
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Term
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Definition
| transmit information about the outside world and our position within it |
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Term
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Definition
| transmit information about internal conditions and the status of other organ systems |
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Term
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Definition
| provide infor about the external environment in the form of touch, temperature, and pressure sensations and the more complex special sense of sight, smell, and hearing |
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Term
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Definition
| monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints |
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Term
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Definition
| monitor the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproductive systems and provide sensations of deep pressure and pain as well as taste, another special sense |
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Term
| Where do the somatic motor neurons' bodies lie? |
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Definition
| the bodies lie inside the CNS and their axons extend to the neuromuscular junctions that control the skeletal muscles |
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Term
Where do the visceral motor neurons' bodies lie?
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Definition
two groups:
- one has cell bodies inside CNS
- other has cell bodies in peripheral ganglia
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Term
| Which type of neuron outnumbers all other neurons combined both in total and type? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 classifications of interneurons? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ability of a cell membrane to conduct electrical impulses |
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Term
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Definition
| electrical impulse that develops after the membrane is stimulated to a level known as the threshold |
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Term
| What happens when the threshold level has been reached? |
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Definition
| permeability to sodium and potassium changes |
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Term
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Definition
| where a nerve impulse triggers events at a synapse that transfers the info either to another neuron or to an effecto cell |
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Term
| Can a synapse be chemical or electrical? |
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Definition
TRUE
chemical involving the passage of a neurotransmitter substance between cells, or electrical, with gap junctions permitting ion flow between the cells |
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Term
| What is the main neurotransmitter at a neuromuscular junction? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| found between neurons in the CNS and PNS, but are relatively rare. |
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