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Chapter 15 & 16
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16
Biology
9th Grade
03/15/2011

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Term
Genetic Drift
Definition
random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations
Term
adaptation
Definition
inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival
Term
temporal isolation
Definition
form of reproductive isolation in which two populations reproduce at different times.
Term
reproductive isolation
Definition
separation of species or populations so that they cannot interbred and produce fertile offspring.
Term
stabilizing selection
Definition
form of natural selection by which the center of the curve remains in its current position; occurs when individuals near the center of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end.
Term
vestigial organ
Definition
organ that serves no useful function in an organism
Term
homologous structures
Definition
structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues.
Term
geographic isolation
Definition
form of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated physically by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or streches of water.
Term
natural selection
Definition
process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest
Term
survival of the fittest
Definition
process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called natural selection
Term
behavioral isolation
Definition
form of reproductive isolation in which two populations have differences in courtship rituals or other types of behavior that prevent them from interbreeding.
Term
directional selection
Definition
form of natural selection which occurs when individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve.
Term
disruptive selection
Definition
form of natural selection in which a single curve splits into two; occurs when individuals at the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle.
Term
gene pool
Definition
combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population
Term
genetic equilibrium
Definition
situation in which allele frequencies remain constant
Term
speciation
Definition
formation of new species
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