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Chapter 15
Urban America (1865-1896)
49
History
11th Grade
08/30/2015

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Term
What are some factors that led to the growth in US cities?
Definition
industries offered steady jobs, black Americans fled the discrimination of the South, there was an exodus from the farms to the factories (poor economic conditions and new farming machines), immigrants coming to America
Term
What were some problems that developed in the fast growing cities?
Definition
crowded tenements were the poor lived developed into slum areas, the air was heavy with smog from coal burning, open flowing raw sewage attracted rats that lead to the spread of diseases
Term
When did the Civil War end?
Definition
1865
Term
From the end of the Civil War to 1900, what happened to the population of the US?
Definition
it doubled
Term
What was one third of the growth of the US between 1865 and 1900?
Definition
immigrants
Term
What are some factors that led to the explosion in immigration?
Definition
industries recruited cheap labor (railroads) and land ownership
Term
What did immigrants view America as?
Definition
the Land of Freedom and Opportunity
Term
Before the late 1800s, what kind of immigration policy did the US have?
Definition
open door
Term
What is considered to be America's welcome to immigrants?
Definition
the Statue of Liberty
Term
How did America's attitude concerning immigration change in the late 1800s?
Definition
nativism
Term
What is nativism?
Definition
a strong desire to protect America from foreign immigrants
Term
What are some factors that led to the negative view of immigration?
Definition
unions claimed that immigrants kept wages low
a new ware of immigrants, very different from ourselves, seemed to threaten American culture
people blamed the problems in the cities on them
Term
What was the Order of the Star Spangled Banner's nickname?
Definition
the Know Nothings
Term
What was a secret society against immigrants?
Definition
the Order of the Star Spangled Banner
Term
What was the first federal law restricting a group?
Definition
Chinese Exclusion Act
Term
What were some examples of "undesirables?"
Definition
paupers, criminals, insane, prostitutes, alcoholics, illiterate, polygamist, anarchists, and people with contagious diseases
Term
What are people called that cannot read or write?
Definition
illiterate
Term
What are people called that have more than one wife?
Definition
polygamist
Term
What is someone who hates all government called?
Definition
anarchist
Term
What is someone who hates all government called?
Definition
anarchist
Term
What is someone who hates all government called?
Definition
anarchist
Term
What two immigration facilities were built for newcomers to pass through?
Definition
Ellis Island and Angel Island
Term
What two immigration facilities were built for newcomers to pass through?
Definition
Ellis Island and Angel Island
Term
What two words describe our immigration policy today?
Definition
quality and quantity
Term
negative characteristics can prevent immigration
Definition
quality
Term
a set number per year
Definition
quantity
Term
noncitizen resident of a country
Definition
alien
Term
when an alien becomes a citizen
Definition
naturalization (naturalized citizen)
Term
a citizen at birth
Definition
natural born citizen
Term
a legal member of a country
Definition
citizen
Term
What are the requirements to become naturalized?
Definition
-five year resident (3 if married to an american)
-18 years old
-English literacy test
-American History & Government test
-oath of allegiance to the US
Term
What nickname was given to the late 1800s by Mark Twain?
Definition
The Guilded Age
Term
What nickname was given to the late 1800s by Mark Twain?
Definition
The Guilded Age
Term
What were three typical corrupt practices of the time?
Definition
grafting, illegal voting, and kissing up to illiterate constituents
Term
What does it mean to make money by corrupt means (accepting bribes and embezzlement)?
Definition
grafting
Term
What are two examples of illegal voting?
Definition
bribing and blackmailing voters and ghost voting
Term
what is a voter in a politician's district?
Definition
constituent
Term
Who was the most corrupt city official of the Guilded Age?
Definition
William "Boss" Tweed
Term
Boss Tweed was in charge of what democratic party?
Definition
Tamminy Hall
Term
Who is famous for bringing about the downfall of Boss Tweed?
Definition
Thomas Nast
Term
What three characters are Nast famous for drawing?
Definition
Democratic donkey, Republican elephant, and Santa Claus
Term
Why did the American government suffer from the spoils system?
Definition
many unqualified workers filed government jobs
Term
Which president was famous for use of the spoils system?
Definition
Andrew Jackson
Term
what is it called when an elected official gives friends and supporters government jobs?
Definition
spoils system
Term
What is a non elected government worker?
Definition
civil servant
Term
The assassination of which president led to the reform in civil service?
Definition
Garfield
Term
4 assassinated presidents in order:
Definition
Lincoln
Garfield
McKinley
JFK
Term
What was the law passed to correct the problems in hiring civil servants?
Definition
Pendleton Act
Term
What three things had to happen in the Pendleton Act?
Definition
-must take a test and scores will determine if you are hired
-you cannot be forced to give to campaign funds
-you cannot be fired because of political reasons
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