Term
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Definition
| Lincoln said that the eleven states had not left the Union. On the other hand Congress said they had left. |
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Term
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Definition
| They had won the war, freed the slaves, and the economy was good. |
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Term
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Definition
| Many traveled to cities for jobs. Many go looking for loved ones. Many will get married because it is legal for the first time. The main goal of most freedmen was land. Many had been given land by northern soldiers but had lost it when the war was over. Most hoped for civil rights and the right to vote. |
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Term
| White Southerners Response |
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Definition
| They had lost slaves, land and homes. Whites have a great fear. They feared a complete change in society. Some fears were small like who would do the chores but the biggest fear was revenge. How will they control the blacks? Create the "Black Codes" Very repressive laws under the illusion of freedom but had many technicalities that keep blacks from freedom. Laws that forced former slaves to work. |
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Term
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Definition
| White dude who is a Jacksonian Democrat. He becomes Pres. after Lincoln is shot. At first he wants to punish the South, but in the end he is more lenient. |
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Term
| Presidential Plan for Reconstruction |
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Definition
1. South never left the union. Amnesty and pardon for all southerners.
2. Steps for state governments to be re-established. Provisional government, pass the 13th Amendment (Abolish Slavery) elect new state officials. |
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Term
| Congress's Reconstruction Plan |
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Definition
1. Southern states are divided up into five military districts that the military will maintain.
2. New status for re-admitting states. New Constitution must guarantee black suffrage.
3. States had to ratify the 14th Amendment. |
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Term
| Johnson Gets Impeached (Almost) |
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Definition
| Johnson vetoed all of the acts. Congress next passes the Tenure of Office Act. Passed to keep Edwin Stanton in the office of Secretary of War. Stanton had been very outspoken against Johnson. In August 1867 Johnson asked Stanton to leave. Radical Republicans bring up impeachment charges against Johnson. He is impeached by the House, but it failed by one vote in the Senate |
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Term
| African Americans Get Little Help |
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Definition
| Little help for blacks. Northerners also provided little help for blacks. Only 2 states (MN, IA) allowed them to vote before a national law forced them. In 1870, the 15th Amendment will be passed giving African American men the right to vote. No land was granted to blacks however, which was still the main thing they wanted. |
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Term
| Women Start Nagging.. For a Good Cause |
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Definition
| Women are left out. They had supported the Civil War Amendments but were left out of the increase in civil rights. The women's movement will have a split. Stanton and Antony will continue to fight for national reform. A number of other women will start to fight on the more state and local level. |
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Term
| Freedmen's Bureau Established to Help African Americans |
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Definition
1. Emergency rations of food.
2. Clothes and shelter to the homeless.
3. Medical care and hospitals.
4. Transportation.
5. Reuniting families.
6. Help to get fair trials.
7. Employment helped to get them contracts. |
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Term
| African American Struggles |
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Definition
| Land- more concentrated than before the war. The top 10% own 60% of the land. More and more was in cotton. More dependent on merchants. Most blacks sign contracts: small amount of money and food for working from sun up to sun down. Many moved towards tenancy and sharecropping. Plant land, but need to take out huge loans to pay it off. Often become tied to the land, and few make any money. In 1880 2-5% owned land, and in 1900 20% owned land. |
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Term
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Definition
| Very hard for states and most had financial problems. Also had to deal with social issues. Carpetbaggers were northerners who came from the South during Reconstruction and fought for greater government influence. Many sought to profit from Reconstruction. Numerous reforms, such as voting, marriage, penal laws, RR, investments, bridges, taxes, and schools. In many sates Democrats had more success. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mississippi sees the expansion of "Redemption" groups like the KKK and the White League. Fed. government passed 3 Force Acts to try and stop the violence, but there was little enforcement of these laws. Blacks will be terrorized in the South for many years to come. |
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Term
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Definition
| Many in the North had grown tired of Reconstruction. Wanted to move on to a normal life and see economic growth. In 1869 the Transcontinental Railroad was finished. A number of labor unions are also founded. The National Labor Union is founded in 1866. There are many strikes over wages. The Republican Party will change when Ulysses S. Grant becomes pres. They focus on money issues and his administration was very corrupt. Grant was honest, but most of the people he appointed were very corrupt. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tilden won the popular vote, but not the electoral vote. Some electoral votes were in question in Louisiana, South Carolina, and Florida. Federal troops were stationed in all three states. Compromise of 1877/ Corrupt Bargain: Democrats gave the electoral votes needed to Hayes if all federal troops were removed from the South. This brought an end to Reconstruction. Blacks suffer greatly as a result. No enforcement of the 14th or 15th Amendments until the 1960s. |
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Term
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Definition
| Became President after Johnson. He was very honest, but his cabinet was not. His administration focused on economic issues. |
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Term
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Definition
| White Southerners who went North. They went North looking to make a quick profit off of Reconstruction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most grow out of churches and there was a huge increase in numbers. Many will set up schools to help with education. Black universities will also be founded. They faced a number of problems. Black schools were often destroyed. 37 schools were burned in Tennessee in 1869. Black separatist movement will develop. Tried to get Kansas, Canada, and Liberia to become black countries or states- little success. |
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Term
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Definition
| An act passed to keep Edwin Stanton as the Secretary of War. This Act was vetoed by Johnson. He tried to remove Stanton, due to Stanton's disapproval of what Johnson was doing. |
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