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| Sovereignty in the person or ruler who claims divine right. Tried to control competing power groups such as church and nobility. Imposed taxes and standing armies. |
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| French minister for Henry IV. Laid foundations for French absolutism by improving the economy and reducing the debt. Paulette: annual tax on offices. |
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| French king from 1610-1613. First controlled by mom(Marie de'Medici) and nobles. Later Cardinal Richelieu would run his show. |
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| Designed French absolutism. Made the Monarchy strong at the expense of the French nobility. Anti-Habsburg, therefore sided with protestants in the Thirty Years' War. "Raison d'etat" (reason of state) philosophy. |
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"Slingshot" civil wars in France from 1648-1660. Caused by new taxes. Three results:
1. Special status got bureaucrats
2. Weakened French economy
3. Frightened Louis XIV into Absolute Monarchy |
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King of France for 72 years (1643-1715)
"Sun King"
Absolutist who controlled his nobles.
Built the Palace and court life of Versailles.
Revoked Edict of Nantes.
"one king, one law, one faith"
Spent a lot on court and wars. |
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Palace built by Louis XIV.
Includes Hall of Mirrors
10 miles outside Paris. (Louis XIV hated Paris).
Symbol of French absolutism. |
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Minister of finance for Louis XIV.
Used Mercantilist theory
Self- sufficiency
Sell-all, buy nothing (Tariffs)
Developed Canada and "Louisiana"
Improved industrial productivity but agriculture fell |
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Henry VI gave limited rights for Calvinists (Huguenots)in 1598.
Louis VIX revoked it in 1685 to promote religious and political unity. |
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| The art, literature, and music of the 17th century France. Inspired by the ancients and the renaissance. Including the art of Poussin, the music of Lully, the drama of Racine, and the comedy of Moliere. |
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| The War of the Spanish Succession |
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| In 1701 the English, Dutch, Austrians, and Prussians formed the Grand Alliance to prevent Louis XIV's grandson from succeeding to the throne of Spain. Settled by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. |
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| Settled the War of the Spanish Succession. Philip of Anjou (Louis XIV's grandson) remained king of Spain. But Spain and France lost power and territory while Austria and England gained both. |
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| Limitation of government by law. Power and authority vs. rights and liberties. Either written or unwritten traditions. May be a republic or a monarchy. |
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| Son of Mary Stuart (Queen of Scots). Became 1st Stuart King of England when Elizabeth I died. He believed in divine right. Founded American colonies and issued a new Bible for English-speaking protestants. |
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| The belief that royal power came from God. Led to clashes between monarchs and parliaments. |
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| Son of James I. Second Stuart king of England. Believed in Divine Right. Fought with Parliament. Signed Petition of Rights, but didn't follow it. Led the Caviliers in the English Civil War... lost. First monarch to face a public trial and execution. |
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| Forces on Charles I by parliament. Designed to limit the power of the king. Charles signed but refused to follow it. Led to Civil War. Still the Petition was an important step toward limited monarchy in England. |
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| King Charles I against Parliament, led by Cromwell. Parliament won. Led to a short period of Puritanical Absolutism and eventually to a Constitutional Monarchy. |
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| Puritan leader of the Parliamentary forces in English Civil War. After victory, set himself up as a military dictatorship. Gave toleration to protestants but persecuted Catholics. Crushed Irish rebellion, beginning of modern-day troubles. |
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| English philosophers who claimed that people were naturally wicked and therefore need a strong government to keep order. Wrote Leviathan. Believes in absolute monarchy but not divine right. |
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| When Parliament brought back the monarchy in England in 1660 after the military dictatorship of the Cromwells. Limited the power of the monarch. |
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| Son of Charles I, he was restored to the throne by Parliament. Known as the "Merry Monarch". Moderate religious policy, passed the Habeas Corpus Act, and accepted money from France in Exchange for pro-catholic policies. Caused an anti-Catholic backlash. |
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| Younger brother of Charles II. Last Stuart King of England. Thrown off the throne for his pro-Catholic policies in the so-called Bloodless/Glorious Revolution. |
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| Bloodless/Glorious Revolution |
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| When Parliament invited William and Mary to take the Throne of England and overthrew James II without fighting. William and Mary agreed to rule with Parliament. Agreed to limited power as set in Bill of Rights. |
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| Mary was James II's eldest daughter, married to William of Orange, a Protestant prince of the Netherlands. They were invited to rule England by and with Parliament. Agreed to limited power. |
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Document limiting the power of English rulers.
No suspending of Parliaments laws
No taxes without Parliament's permission
Freedom of speech... for Parliament
Right to petition
No army during peacetime
No excessive bail |
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| English philosopher who believed people had the ability to reason and to govern themselves. Governments were formed to protect basic human rights, life, liberty, property. Said government was a contact... if rulers abused rights, people could rebel. Influenced revolutions. Wrote: Second Treatise of Civil Government. |
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| An area that is weak, or not under firm control. Tempts ambitious leaders to move in and take over. Poland, Ottoman Empire, and Holy Roman Empire were all weak. |
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| Family of rulers in Prussia. Beginning with Fredrick William, they built a huge and powerful army. Took advantage of the Eastern Europe power vacuum to gain power. Fought with Austria for control. |
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| Family of rulers in Austria. Took advantage of the Eastern Europe power vacuum to gain power. Fought with Prussia for control. |
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| Hapsburg ruler from 1711 to 1740. He spent all his time working towards the Pragmatic sanction. |
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| Agreement between rulers of Europe that Maria Theresa, daughter of Charles VI, would be recognized as an heir of all Hapsburg lands. Prussia broke the agreement. |
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| The Great Elector. First Hohenzollern leader of Prussia. Began consolidation of power in Prussia for his family. |
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| First to call himself King of Prussia. From the Hohenzollern family. Organized his family's lands into Prussia. |
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| Harsh, mentally unbalanced son of Fredrick I. The "Sargent King." Loved only his army. Made Prussia into military society. |
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| Prussian noble land owners. Made up the officer class in Prussian army. |
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| The Terrible Tsar of Russia from 1533 to 1584. Turned Boyars into service nobility, expelled the Mongols and enserfed the peasants. Advanced absolutism in Russia. |
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| Tsar of Russia from 1682 to 1725. Westernized Russia to improve the army. Succeeded in modernizing army by the use of service nobility, drafted peasants, educated officers and use of foreign experts. Obtained warm water port of Baltic Sea. Built a new capital at St. Petersburg. |
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| Emotional style of art, music, and architecture associated with absolutism in France, Prussia, Austria, and Russian. Designed to overwhelm. |
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| New capital of Russia founded by Peter the Great. Located at the mouth of the Neva River, where it meets the Baltic Sea. The "window on Europe." The modern city, built on bones. Represents "westernization" of Russia. |
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