Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space?

A. liver

B. gallbladder

C. kidney

D. spleen

A 30-year-old woman with a history of alcoholism presents with severe upper abdominal pain and is vomitting large amounts of bright red blood. Her skin is cool, pale, and clammy; her heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak; and her blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

A. protect her airway from aspiration

B. keep her supine and elevate her legs

C. rapidly transport her to the hospital

D. give her high-flow supplement oxygen

A 59-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of severe lower back pain. He is conscious and alert, but very restless and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus. You should:

A. administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport

B. vigorously palpate the abdomen to establish pain severity

C. place the patient in a sitting position and transport at once

D. request a paramedic unity to give the patient pain medication

Which of the following organs assists in the filtration of blood, serves as a blood reservoir, and produces antibodies?

A. liver

B. pancreas

C. spleen

D. kidney

Functions of the liver include:

A. storage of bile, which is produced in the gallbladder

B. release of amylase, which breaks down starches into sugar

C. production of hormones that regulate blood sugar levels

D. production of substances necessary for blood blotting

Solid abdominal organs include the:

A. urinary bladder, colon, and ureters

B. gallbladder and large intestine

C. spleen, kidneys, and pancreas

D. stomach and small intestine

Esophageal varices MOST commonly occur in patients who:

A. drink a lot of alcohol

B. have weak immune systems

C. have a history of esophagitis

D. have severe diabetes

You are dispatched to an apartment complex for a young male with abdominal pain. Your priority upon arriving at the scene should be to:

A. assess the scene for potential hazard

B. quickly gain access to the patient

C. notify the dispatcher of your arrival

D. place a paramedic ambulance on standby

Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to:

A. sit fully upright because it helps relax the abdominal muscles

B. sit in a semi-Fowler position with their knees slightly bent

C. lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen

D. lie in a supine position with their knees in a flexed position

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely if injured?

A. stomach

B. appendix

C. gallbladder

D. liver

Peritonis, with associated fluid loss, is the result of:

A. abnormal shift of fluid from body tissue into the bloodstream

B. abnormal shift of fluid from blood stream into body tissue

C. normal shift of fluid from body tissue into the bloodstream

D. normal shift of fluid from bloodstream into body tissue

Distention of the abdomen is gauged by:

A. visualization

B. ausculation

C. palpation

D. the patient's complaint of pain around the umbilicus

A hernia that returns to its proper body cavity is said to be:

A. reducible

B. extractible

C. incarcerated

D. replaceable

A patient who presents with vomitting, signs of shock, and history of eating disorder and alcohol abuse is likely to be suffering from:

A. diverticulitis

B. Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

C. appendicitis

D. cholecysitis

When an organ of the abdomen is enlarged, rough palpation may cause __________ of the organ.

A. distention

B. nausea

C. swelling

D. rupture

Severe back pain may be associated with which of the following conditions.

A. Abdominal aortic aneurysm

B. PID

C. Appendicitis

D. Mittelschmerz

The __________ are found in the retroperitoneal space.

A. stomach and gallbladder

B. kidneys, ovaries, and pancreas

C. liver and pancreas

D. adrenal glands and uterus

____________ can be caused by an onstruction gallstone, alcohol abuse, and other dieseases.

A. Appendicitis

B. A peptic ulcer

C. Pancreatitis

D. Diverticulitis

____________ commonly produces symptoms about 30 minutes after a particularly fatty meal and usually at night.

A. A peptic ulcer

B. Cholecystitis

C. Appendicitis

D. Pancreatits

Which of the following is NOT a common diesease that produces signs of an acute abdomen?

A. Diverticulitis

B. Cholecystitis

C. Acute appendicitis

D. Glomerulonephritis

___________ occur(s) when there is excess pressure within the pertal system and surrounding vessel; may lead to life-threatening bleeding.

A. Esophageal rupture

B. Esophageal varices

C. Esophageal ulcers

D. Esophageal reflux

The patient tells you that she has right flank pain that radiates into her groin. What is the MOST likely cause of her condition?

A. Cholecystitis

B. Ileus

C. Appendicitis

D. Kidney stone

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

A. It filters toxic subtances

B. It creates glucose stores

C. It acts as a reservoir for bile

D. It produces substances for blood clotting

A patients presents with lower quadrant abdominal pain, tenderness above the pubis bone, and frequent urination with urgency. What is the MOST likely underlying condition?

A. Cholecystitis

B. Cystitis

C. Gastroenteritis

D. Deverticulitis

Infected pouches in the lining of the colon are associated with:

A. cholecystitis

B. cystitis

C. gastroenteritis

D. diverticulitis

Pregnancy, straining at stool, and chronic constipation cause increased pressure that could result in:

A. Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

B. diverticulitis

C. hemorrhoids

D. gallstones

Diarrhea is the principal symtom in:

A. gastroenteritis

B. esophagitis

C. pancreatitis

D. peptic ulcers

Bowel inflammation, diverticulitis, and hemorrhoids are common causes of bleed in the:

A. upper GI tract

B. middle GI tract

C. lower GI tract

D. all of the above

A patient complains of heartburn, pain with swallowing, and feeling like an object is stuck in the throat. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?

A. Esophageal varices

B. Esophagitis

C. Peptic Ulcer

D. Gastroeneteritis

Pain that initially starts in the umbilical area and then later moves to the lower right quadrant is typically associated with:

A. gastroenteritis

B. pancreatitis

C. appendicitis

D. diverticulitis

When the abdominal muscles become rigid in an effort to protect the abdomen from further irritation, this is referred to as:

A. guarding

B. tenderness

C. rebound tenderness

D. referred pain

If a patient misses a dialysis treatment, weakness and _____________ can be the first in a series of conditions that can become progressively more serious.

A. diarrhea

B. chest pain

C. vomitting

D. pulmonary edma

____________ regulates the amount of glucose in the bloodstream.

A. Bicarbonate

B. Amylase

C. Insulin

D. Bile

Regulation of acidity and blood pressure is largely attributed to the:

A. liver

B. kidneys

C. gallbladder

D. pancreas

Which of the following organs is part of the lymphatic system and plays a role in regulation of red blood cells and the immune system?

A. bladder

B. liver

C. spleen

D. pancreas

Which of the following is NOT part of the male reproductive system?

A. Epididymis

B. Prostate gland

C. Seminal vesicles

D. Fallopian tubes

___________ is responsible for the breakdown of starches into sugar

A. Insulin

B. Bile

C. Amylase

D. Bicarbonate

True or False

Referred pain is a result of connection between ligaments in the abdominal and chest cavities.

True or False

The adverse effects of dialysis include hypotension, muscle cramps, nausea and vomitting and hemorrhage and infection at the access site.

True or False

Questioning about bowel habits and flatulence is not necessary and considered unprofessional.

True or False

If a female is of childbearing age, you should question her about her last mentrual period.

True or False

The parietal peritoneum lines the walls of the abdominal cavity.

True or False

When palpating the abdomen, always start with the quadrant where the patient complains of the most severe pain.

True or False

Peritonitis is associated with a loss of blood from the abdominal cavity.

True or False

Massive hemorrhage is associated with rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm.

True or False

 Peptic ulcer disease affect both men and women equally.

True or False

Patients with abdominal pain should be placed in a position of comfort, but should not be given oxygen unless they show signs of shock.