Term
Describe
1. Necrosis
2. Apoptosis |
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Definition
1. accidental death from injury
2. programmed cell death
a. DNA fragmentation
b. Chromatin condensation
c. Nuclear fragmentation |
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Term
| Describe apoptosis and C. elegans |
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Definition
-studied mutant genes in worms that did not die
ced-3 and 4 were required for development cell death
ced-9 was negative regulator of apoptosis
*similar to caspases |
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Term
Describe Caspases
1. Function |
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Definition
*main proteins involved in apoptosis
1. cysteine C residues at active sites cleave Asp Ac (D) on substrates that mark for apoptosis
-ultimates executioners as they cleave 100 target proteins |
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Term
Describe Caspases
1. Functions
-Protein targets |
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Definition
1. DNA fragmentation
-ICAD inhibitor of DNase
2. Fragmentation of nucleus
-nuclear lamins
3. Cell fragmentation, blebbing
-cytoskeletal proeins: actin, myosin, actinin, tubulin
4. Fragmentation of Golgi
-golgi matrix proteins |
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Term
| Describe the function of Apf-1 |
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Definition
1. bind to caspase-9 and activates
2. Apf-1 is activated by cytochrome c and binds to cap-9 to form apoptosome
3. converts procaspase to active caspase-3
*Ced-4 |
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Term
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Definition
-inhibits apoptosis
-high levels in cancer cells
*similar to ced-9 |
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Term
| Describe the role of NGF in apoptosis |
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Definition
NGF=Jesus
1. NGF inhibits Protein Kinase B
Normally...
2. PKB phosphos Bad and Gene Reg Protein
3. Bad normally binds to Bcl-2 to stop Bcl-2 and apop can continue
-Bcl-2 is now free to sequester caspases or cyto C/apaf-1
4. Gene Reg Protein activated and apop genes are expressed
-no phospho= no activation= no apop genes |
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