Term
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Definition
| the process of mechanically and chemically breaking down foods so that they can be absorbed. |
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Term
| Digestive system consists of: |
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Definition
| The alimentary canal and several accessory organs |
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Term
| These organs carry out the processes of: |
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Definition
| Ingestion, propulsion, digestion, absorption, and defecation. |
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Term
| Alimentary canal: Structure |
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Definition
-Consists of four layers
- Mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, and serosa. |
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Term
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Definition
-Motor functions include mixing and propelling movements.
-Peristalsis is responsible for propelling movements.
-The wall of the tube undergoes receptive relaxation just ahead of a peristaltic wave. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tube is innervated by branches of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. |
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Term
| Parasympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| increase digestive activities |
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Term
| Sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
Inhibit digestive activities.
Sympathetic impulses contract certain sphincter muscles, controlling movement through the alimentary canal. |
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Term
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Definition
| The palate comprises the roof of the mouth and includes hard and soft portions. |
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Term
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Definition
| including the uvula, closes the opening to the nasal cavity during swallowing. |
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Term
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Definition
Palatine tonsils are located on either side of the tongue in the back of the mouth.
Tonsils consist of lymphatic tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
| secrete saliva, which moistens food, helps bind food particles, begins chemical digestion of carbohydrates, makes taste possible, helps cleanse the mouth, and regulates pH in the mouth. |
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Term
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Definition
Salivary secretions
Include serous cells that secrete digestive enzymes and mucous cells that secrete mucus.
Parasympathetic impulses stimulate the secretion of serous fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
The parotid glands are the largest, and they secrete saliva rich in amylase.
The submandibular glands in the floor of the mouth produce viscous saliva.
The sublingual glands in the floor of the mouth primarily secrete mucus. |
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Term
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Definition
| divided into nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. |
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Term
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Definition
Swallowing occurs in three stages.
Food is mixed with saliva and forced into the pharynx.
Involuntary reflex actions move the food into the esophagus.
Peristalsis transports food to the stomach. |
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Term
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Definition
| receives food, mixes it with gastric juice, carries on a limited amount of absorption, and moves food into the small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
ivided into the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus.
The lower esophageal sphincter serves as a valve between the esophagus and the stomach.
The pyloric sphincter serves as a valve between the stomach and the small intestine. |
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