Term
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Definition
| The common-ion effect occurs when a given ion is added to an equilibrium mixture that already contains that ion, and the position of equilibrium shifts away from forming more of it. |
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Term
| Formula: Find pH of an acid (H3O+) Concentration |
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Definition
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Term
| The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation |
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Definition
| pH = pKa + log(Base/Acid) |
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Term
| Formula to kind pka of Ka |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The more concentrated the components of a buffer, the greater the buffer capacity.
A buffer has the highest capacity when the component concentrations are equal. |
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Term
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Definition
the pH range over which the buffer acts effectively.
*Buffers have a usable range within ± 1 pH unit of the pKa of its acid component. |
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Term
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Definition
| The higher the Ksp Value the more soluble the compound - as long as the Ksp values of compounds with the same ration of cation to anion are compared. |
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Term
| The effect of pH on Solubility |
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Definition
| If the compound contains the anion of a weak acid, addition of H3O+ from a strong acid increases its solubility |
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Term
Predicting the formation of a precipitate:
Qsp vs. Ksp |
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Definition
Qsp = Ksp
solution is saturated and no change occurs
Qsp > Ksp
precipitate forms until solution is saturated
Qsp < Ksp
solution is unsaturated and no precipitate forms |
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Term
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Definition
| the formation constant for a complex ion |
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Term
| Complex ions and the solubility of precipitates: |
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Definition
| A ligand increases the solubility of a slightly soluble ionic compound if it forms a complex ion with the cation |
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Term
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Definition
The hydrohalic acids HCl, HBr, and HI
Oxoacids in which the number of O atoms exceeds the number of ionizable protons by 2 or more, such as HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4 |
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Term
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Definition
The hydrohalic acid HF
Acids in which H is not bonded to O or to a halogen such as HCN and H2S
Oxoacids in which the number of O atoms equals or exceeds by one the number of ionizable protons, such as HNO2, H3PO4, HClO
Carboxylic acids (general formula RCOOH, with the ionizable proton shown in red) such as CH3COOH and C6H5COOH |
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Term
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Definition
M2O or MOH, where M = Group 1A metal (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs)
MO or M(OH)2 where M = Group 2A metal (Ca, Sr, Ba) |
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Term
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Definition
Ammonia, NH3
Amines, (general formula RNH2, R2NH, R3N), such as CH3CH2NH2, (CH3)2NH, and (C3H7)3N |
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Term
K is equilibrium Constant
Q is reaction quotient |
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Definition
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