Term
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Definition
| It's a muscle, transfers blood, size of a fist, weighs less than 1 lb. |
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Term
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Definition
| In thorax, posterior to sternum, superior surface of diaphragm, in mediastinum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Oblique position, Apex (point) left and anterior, base is broad posterior surface. |
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Term
| Four corners: They are... |
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Definition
| Superior right and left, inferior right and left. |
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Term
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Definition
| costal cartilage of 3rd, joins sternum |
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Term
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Definition
| Costal cartilage of 2nd rib, a fingers' breadth lateral to the sternum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Costal cartilage of the 6th rib to a fingers' breadth lateral to the sternum. |
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Term
| Inferior left point (apex) |
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Definition
| 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. |
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Term
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Definition
| Triple layer sac that surrounds the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fibrous pericardium, serous pericardium- parietal and visceral layer. |
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Term
| Fibrous Pericardium: Function |
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Definition
| Keeps the heart in place and keeps it from overfilling. |
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Term
| Fibrous Pericardium: Location |
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Definition
| Inferiorly adheres to the diaphragm, superiorly to the great vessels of the heart. |
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Term
| Parietal layer (of serous pericardium) |
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Definition
| Adheres to surface of fibrous pericardium. |
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Term
| Visceral layer (epicardium) |
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Definition
| Lies on the heart, considered part of the heart wall. |
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Term
| The Visceral Layer is continuous with the... with the... in between. |
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Definition
| Parietal layer, pericardial cavity. |
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Term
| Pericardial cavity: Location |
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Definition
| Between the serous layers, contains serous fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
| infection and inflammation of the pericardium which produces a creaking sound called pericardial friction. |
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Term
| Pericardial cavity: Function |
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Definition
| There is serous fluid in the cavity to reduce friction between beating heart and outer wall of pericardial sac. |
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Term
| Pericardial cavity: Serous Fluid |
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Definition
| Epithelial cells of the serous pericardium, that line the pericardial cavity, secrete serous fluid. |
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Term
| Layers of the Heart Wall: Layers |
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Definition
| Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium |
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Term
| Epicardium (visceral layer of the serous pericardium) |
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Definition
| Superficial layer of heart wall. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Myocardium forms the ... of the ... and is the actual layer that ... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cells arranged in circular/spiral networks. |
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Term
| Myocardium: Surrounding the cardiac muscle cells, in the... are ... that bind these cells together into ... |
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Definition
| Myocardium, connective tissues, bundles. |
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Term
| Myocardium: Bundle function |
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Definition
| Ensure that blood is squeezed out of chambers appropriately; flows down from atria and up from ventricles. |
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Term
| Endocardium: Sheet of ...resting on thin ..., lines the chambers and covers the ... |
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Definition
| endothelium, CT layer, valves |
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Term
| Chambers of the heart: Components |
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Definition
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Term
| Atria (singular=atrium) overview |
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Definition
| Blood comes into heart via atria. |
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Term
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Definition
| are thinner than ventricles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Contract and push blood into ventricles simultaneously (most of the blood flow to ventricles is taken care of by gravity) |
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Term
| Atria: They are separated by |
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Definition
| Interatrial septum (not permeable) |
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Term
| Ventricles are..., especially the ...side |
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Definition
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Term
| Ventricles separated by... |
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Definition
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Term
| Right Atrium: What is does |
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Definition
| Receives systemic oxygen-poor blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus. |
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Term
| Right Atrium: Right auricle (external) |
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Definition
| Flab that projects to the left. Shaped like dog's ear. |
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Term
| Right Atrium: 2 portions of internal atrium. |
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Definition
| Posterior and anterior part. |
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Term
| Right Atrium: Posterior part |
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Definition
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Term
| Right Atrium: Anterior part |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ridges on the wall of the atrium |
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Term
| Right Atrium: Two portions are separated by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| C shaped ridge important for locating sites where veins enter |
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Term
| Right Atrium receives blood from the .... and the ... |
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Definition
| superior and inferior vena cava |
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Term
| The heart itself needs its own .... |
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Definition
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Term
| The heart is a ... like any other ... in our body and needs blood and ... to work. |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood going to the Right Ventricle from Right Atrium |
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Definition
| Blood travels from right atrium to the right ventricle via the tricuspid valve. |
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Term
| Right Ventricle: What it does |
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Definition
| Receives blood from right atrium and pumps it to lungs via pulmonary trunk then arteries. |
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Term
| Right Ventricle: Forms the most ... of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| Right Ventricle: Internal structures |
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Definition
| Trabeculae carneae, papillary muscles, chordae tendineae, pulmonary semilunar valve. |
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Term
| Right Ventricle: Trabeculae carneae |
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Definition
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Term
| Right Ventricle: Papillary muscles |
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Definition
| cone shaped muscles that project from wall |
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Term
| Right Ventricle: Chordae tendineae |
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Definition
| project superiorly from papillary muscles to valve flaps of tricuspid valve. |
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Term
| Right Ventricle: Pulmonary semilunar valve |
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Definition
| Valve between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk. |
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Term
| Left Atrium: Makes up ... of ... |
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Definition
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Term
| Left Atrium: What it does |
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Definition
| Receives oxygen rich blood from lungs via pulmonary veins. |
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Term
| Left Atrium: How many pulmonary veins |
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Definition
| Four, two on left, two on right. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is external on anterior side. |
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Term
| Left Atrium: Pectinate muscles |
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Definition
| line auricle only; rest of inside is smooth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Opens into left ventricle via the mitral valve (aka bicuspid or left atrioventrical valve) |
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Term
| Left Atrium: Mitral valve prolapse |
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Definition
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Term
| Left Ventricle: Forms...of heart |
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Definition
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Term
| Left Ventricle: What it does |
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Definition
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Term
| Left Ventricle: Is similar to right ventricle with... |
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Definition
| Trabeculae carneae, papillary muscles, chordae tendineae. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sends blood to body via aortic semilunar valve (aortic valve) |
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Term
| Valves of the heart: Function |
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Definition
| To allow blood flow and prevent back flow of blood. Atrioventricular valves, semilunar valves. |
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Term
| Valves of Heart: Composition |
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Definition
| Each valve contains 2 or 3 cusps which are flaps of endocardium reinforced by cores of dense CT. |
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Term
| Valves of Heart: Atrioventricular valves: When...are relaxed the .... pull the ... valve open and blood rushes in. |
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Definition
| ventricles, papillary muscles, atrioventricular |
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Term
| Valves of Heart: Atrioventricular valves: When the ... contract, the pressure within them forces the ... closed |
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Definition
| Ventricles, atrioventricular valves |
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Term
| Valves of Heart: Atrioventricular valves: The ... contract just before the ventricles ... so they can pull on the ... and avoid ...of the valve. |
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Definition
| Papillary muscles, contract, chordae tendineae, everting |
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Term
| Valves of Heart: Atrioventricular valves: Location |
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Definition
| Between atria and ventricles (there are 2) |
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Term
| Valves of Heart: Atrioventricular valves: Right side valve is known as the... |
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Definition
| Tricuspid or right atrioventricular valve. |
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Term
| Valves of Heart: Atrioventricular valves: Left side valve is known as the... |
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Definition
| Bicuspid, left atrioventricular valve, or the mitral valve. |
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Term
| Valves of Heart: Semilunar valves: Both have .... |
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Definition
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Term
| Valves of Heart: Semilunar valves: Location |
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Definition
| Between ventricles and arteries. |
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Term
| Valves of Heart: Semilunar valves: Right side is between... |
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Definition
| Right ventricle and pulmonary artery (called right semilunar or pulmonary valve) |
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Term
| Valves of Heart: Semilunar valves: Left side is between... |
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Definition
| Left ventricle and aorta (called left semilunar or aortic valve) |
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Term
| Valves of the Heart: Contraction |
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Definition
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Term
| Valves of the Heart: Relaxation |
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Definition
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Term
| Valves of the Heart: Heartbeat |
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Definition
| Atrial contraction followed by ventricle contraction. |
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Term
| Valves of the Heart: "Lub-dub" sound is made by the ... when they... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Closing of atrioventricular valves at beginning of ventricular systole |
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Term
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Definition
| Closing of semilunar valves at end of ventricular systole. |
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Term
| Valves of the Heart: Systole and diastole occur in... |
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Definition
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Term
| Valves of the Heart: For blood pressure use... |
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Definition
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Term
| Valves of the Heart: Differences of timing for valves |
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Definition
| Valves on left side close slightly before right side. |
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Term
| Fibrous Skeleton: Composition |
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Definition
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Term
| Fibrous Skeleton: Anchors... |
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Definition
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Term
| Fibrous Skeleton: Function |
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Definition
| Prevents valves from opening too far. |
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Term
| Fibrous Skeleton: Muscle insertion for... |
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Definition
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Term
| Fibrous Skeleton: Blocks spread of ... directly from ... to ... |
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Definition
| Electrical impulses, atria, ventricles. |
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Term
| Blood flow through the heart: Composition |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood flow through the heart: Atria |
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Definition
| Receiving chambers of the heart |
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Term
| Blood flow through the heart: Ventricles |
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Definition
| Pumping chambers of the heart |
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Term
| Blood flow through the heart: It is a ... double... |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood flow through the heart: Function |
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Definition
| Pulmonary circuit, systemic circuit. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vessels that transport blood to and from body tissues. |
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Term
| Blood flow through the heart: Blood coming from body regions superior to the diaphragm enters through the |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood flow through the heart: Blood coming from body regions inferior to the diaphragm enters through the |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood flow through the heart: Step One |
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Definition
| Right atrium receives blood returning from the systemic system which is oxygen-poor blood (CO2 rich) |
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Term
| Blood flow through the heart: Step Two |
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Definition
| Right Ventricle pumps oxygen poor blood out through the pulmonary arteries to the pulmonary circuit. |
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Term
| Blood flow through the heart: Step 3 |
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Definition
| Left Atrium receives blood from pulmonary (lungs) system which is oxygen-rich blood (CO2 poor) |
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Term
| Blood flow through the heart: Step 4 |
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Definition
| Left Ventricle pumps oxygen rich blood out to the systemic system through the aorta and branches. |
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Term
| Blood flow through the heart: Two atria always ... together followed by the simultaneous ... of the ... |
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Definition
| Contract, contraction, ventricles. |
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Term
| Blood flow through the heart: Blood ... from the ... itself enters through the ... |
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Definition
| Draining, heart walls, coronary sinus. |
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Term
| Electrical Conduction: Cardiac cells have the ability to ... on their own, but ... usually starts with the ... |
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Definition
| Contract, signal, sinoatrial node. |
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Term
| Electrical Conduction: Measured by |
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Definition
| EKG (Electrocardiography) |
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Term
| Electrical Conduction: Sinoatrial node: Overview, beats per minute. |
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Definition
| Considered the pacemaker, beats 70-80 bpm. |
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Term
| Electrical Conduction: Sinoatrial node: Location |
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Definition
| Superior/posterior wall of right atrium |
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Term
| Electrical Conduction: Sinoatrial node: What it does |
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Definition
| Produces signal that spreads electrical impulse across both atria. |
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Term
| Electrical Conduction: Sinoatrial node: Valves are ... |
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Definition
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Term
| Electrical Conduction: Internodal pathway |
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Definition
| Some impulses spread through this area on the way to the atrioventricular node. |
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Term
| Electrical Conduction: Atrioventricular node location |
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Definition
| Inferior aspect of interatrial septum |
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Term
| Electrical Conduction: Atrioventricular node function |
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Definition
| Delays impulse so that atria contract first and ventricles finish filling. |
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Term
| Electrical Conduction: Signal doesn't always travel through |
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Definition
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Term
| Electrical Conduction: Atrioventricular bundle (Bundle of His) |
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Definition
| Located in interventricular septum (top) |
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Term
| Electrical Conduction: Left/Right bundle branches |
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Definition
| Branches from atrioventricular bundle, take signal to apex of heart. |
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Term
| Electrical Conduction: Purkinje fibers (subendocardial branches) Location |
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Definition
| Approach apex and turn into ventricular walls, located in between endocardium and myocardium. |
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Term
| Electrical Conduction: Purkinje fibers what they are |
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Definition
| Special cells (Purkinje myocytes) that maximize signal conduction. |
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Term
| Electrical Conduction: Parasympathetic Innervation what it effects |
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Definition
| Sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, coronary arteries. |
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Term
| Electrical Conduction: Parasympathetic Innervation where it comes from |
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Definition
| Vagus nerve branches (from neck and thorax) |
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Term
| Electrical Conduction: Vagus Nerve function |
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Definition
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Term
| Electrical Conduction: Sympathetic innervation what it effects |
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Definition
| Sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, cardiac muscle. |
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Term
| Electrical Conduction: Sympathetic innervation where it comes from |
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Definition
| Cervical/upper thoracic spinal nerves. |
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Term
| Electrical Conduction: Sympathetic innervation function |
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Definition
| Increase rate and strength of contraction. |
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Term
| Blood Supply to/from Heart: Blood inside chambers doesn't... |
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Definition
| Supply heart muscle itself. |
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Term
| Blood Supply to/from Heart: Right and Left coronary arteries... |
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Definition
| Branch off of aorta to serve heart. |
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Term
| Blood Supply to/from Heart: The ... colored vessels lie more... on the heart. |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood Supply to/from Heart: Left coronary artery path |
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Definition
| Branches into anterior interventricular artery and circumfles artery. |
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Term
| Blood Supply to/from Heart: Left Coronary artery function |
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Definition
| Supplies left atrium and ventricles. |
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Term
| Blood Supply to/from Heart: Right coronary artery |
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Definition
| Branches into marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery. |
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Term
| Blood Supply to/from Heart: Right coronary artery function |
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Definition
| Supplies right atrium and almost all of right ventricle. |
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Term
| Blood Supply to/from Heart: Coronary sinus dumps into which chamber of the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood Supply to/from Heart: Cardiac veins... |
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Definition
| Return deoxygenated blood. |
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Term
| Blood Supply to/from Heart: Cardiac veins path |
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Definition
| Great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, and small cardiac vein drain into coronary sinus. (Coronary sinus is largest) |
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Term
| Someone dies every... from a coronary event. |
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Definition
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Term
| Coronary Artery Disease: List |
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Definition
| Atherosclerosis, Arteriosclerosis, Coronary Artery Disease, Angina Pectoris, Myocardial infarction, (Silent) Ischemia |
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Term
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Definition
| Fatty deposits accumulate in body's arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hardening/loss of elasticity of the arteries for any reason. |
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Term
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Definition
| Arteries supplying the heart are blocked or narrowed (consequence of atherosclerosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| Chest pain due to low oxygen supply to heart muscles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Heart attack; complete or prolonged coronary artery blockage (cardiac muscle cells die due to lack of oxygen) |
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Term
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Definition
| Heart blood flow is interrupted, but there is no pain involved. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Heart enlarges and pumping efficiency decreases. |
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Term
| Conduction system disorders: List |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Variation from normal rhythm of heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conduction system is disturbed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Atrial or Ventricular fibrillation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Random firing of electrical impulses within ventricle cardiac muscle, prevents coordinated contraction of ventricles, ventricles are unable to pump blood into the arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
| Multiple waves of impulses circulate, causing random stimulation of the atrioventricular node which then causes the ventricles to contract quickly and irregularly. |
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