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Session 1
N/A
19
Mathematics
Undergraduate 2
10/27/2014

Additional Mathematics Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Formula
Definition

A set of mathematical operators that performs a particular mathematical task. 

 

A series of cell references and operators that produces a particular outcome.

Term
Argument
Definition
A set of premises (and that is exactly what you need to provide within the parentheses of any function) that the function is to carry out.
Term

Average

(Measures of central tendency)

Definition

A function that returns the mean of its arguments.

 

The one value that best represents an entire group of scores. 

 

The most representative score in a set of scores.

 

It comes in three flavors:  the mean, the median, the mode, and the mid-range. 

 

Term

Mean

(arithmetic mean)

Definition

It is simply the sum of all the values in a group divided by the number of values in that group. 

 

So, add up scores, divide by the number of scores.

 

A measure of central tendency that measures all the scores in the data sets and divides by the number of scores.

Term
Percentile Points
Definition
Used to define the percentage of cases equal to and below a certain point in a distribution or set of scores.
Term
Inferential Stats
Definition

you use information (data) to make predictions about the future.

 

Tools that are used to infer characteristics of a population from results based on a sample.

Term
Descriptive Stats
Definition
study information aboutthings that have already happened and use numbers to describe what has happened.
Term
Data
Definition

Information:  * numbers, * numerical information, * words, etc.

 

A record of an observation or an event such as a test score, a grade in math class, or response time.

Term
Quantitative Data
Definition
numbers/numerical info.
Term
Qualitative data
Definition
not numerical but characteristics = color, weather, gender
Term
Population
Definition
might not refer to people but can also be the entire set of things you are studying
Term
Sample
Definition
a subset or portion of the population
Term
sampling
Definition
a small group of the population
Term
Median
Definition

The center of the data - the data must be in increasing order to find the median.

 

If you have an odd number of data values, the median is the value in the exact center of that list.

 

If you have an even number of data values, find the two values in the middle, add them together and divide by 2.

 

The point at which 50% of the cases in a distribution fall below the point and 50% fall above.

 

Q1 - the median of the first half of the data, or 25th percentile

Q2 - the 50th percentile

Q3 - the median ofthe second half of the data, or the 75th percentile.

Term
Mode
Definition

The data value (if any) that shows up most often in the data set.

 

If two things are tied for the lead, they are both called the mode and if more than 2 are tied, there is no mode.

 

The most frequently occurring score in a distribution.

Term
Midrange
Definition
A type of average where you add the biggest data value to the smallest and divide by 2.
Term
Percentiles
Definition

The percent (%) of data at or below that level.

 

Ex:  If a data value is in the 70% percentile, that means that (approximately) 70% of the data is less than that data value.

 

A percentile can be found by taking the number of data balues less than or equal to your position, and divide that by the total number of data values (it will give a decimal #)

Term
Outliers
Definition
Those scores in a distribution that are noticeably more extreme than the majority of scores. Exactly which score is an outlier is usually an artibrary decision made by the researcher.
Term
Statistics
Definition
A set of tools and techniques used to organize, describe, and interpret information.
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