Term
| Traits present in the final organism are of two kinds: __________ and __________ __________. |
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Definition
1) Hereditary
2) Non-hereditary |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) The study of hereditary traits |
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Term
| True or False: Genes are present in each cell of an organism. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the chemical genes are composed of? Who is credited with the discovery? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Genes and chromosomes are transmitted in parallel during meiosis and fertilization. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are inborn errors of metabolism? |
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Definition
| 1) Hereditary diseases which are caused by defects in carrying out metabolic reactions necessary for normal physiology |
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Term
| What process is responsible for separating genes which would otherwise be transmitted together on the same chromosomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What occurred in 1927? Why was it monumental in the creation of new genetic maps? |
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Definition
1) In 1927, it was discovered that X-rays induced new mutations and also fractured chromosomes leading to chromosome rearrangements.
2) The introduction of new mutants (due to X-rays) led to large scale identification and mapping of genes within the 1930s. |
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Term
| What occurred in the 1940s? What scientific endeavors did it pave the way for? |
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Definition
1) Studies centered on microbes (fungi, bacteria, and bacterial viruses) began in the 1940s.
2) Such studies pioneered new fields within genetics including microbial and biochemical and molecular genetics. |
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Term
| The identification of DNA as the genetic material in the early 1950s led to what major discoveries in the 1960s? |
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Definition
| 1) Scientific breakthroughs concerning DNA in the 1950s led to the field of molecular genetics in the 1960s. In this time period, mechanisms of DNA duplication, gene expression, genetic coding, regulation of gene expression, and other genetic mechanisms were identified. |
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Term
| What major techniques were developed in the 1970s, and what complex processes did they provide understanding for? |
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Definition
1) Techniques such as DNA manipulation, gene cloning, and DNA sequencing were developed in the 1970s.
2) Such techniques gave light to understanding complex processes such as immune system variability, function of developmental genes, and so forth. |
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Term
| What two major fields of genetics were developed within the 1990s? |
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Definition
| 1) Genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics |
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Term
| Explain the experiment conducted by Griffith in 1928. What was the "critical discovery" in the experiment? What is genetic transformation? |
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Definition
| 1) In 1928, Griffith studied two strains of the bacterium which caused pneumonia in mice; the [R] and [S] strains. The rough [R] strain did not cause pneumonia and produced rough colonies, while the smooth [S] strain produced smooth (slimy) looking colonies which caused pneumonia and death if injected into mice. Surprisingly, the ability |
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Term
| True or False: The origin of the last common ancestor (LUCA) of all life forms is not known. |
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Definition
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Term
| The early earth atmosphere lacked oxygen but was rich in what six molecular compounds? |
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Definition
1) H2
2) CH4
3) CO2
4) NH3
5) N2
6) H20 |
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Term
It is thought that early precellular life has __________ as the genetic material.
However, once cells were formed this role was taken over by __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Life may have originated in giant __________ __________ on the bottom of the seas; these spires are coated with metal __________ that may have been catalytic and created chemicals important for life. |
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Definition
1) Carbonate spires
2) Sulfide |
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Term
| How do scientists believe the eukaryotic cell came into existence? |
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Definition
| 1) Through the fusion of an arcahea and bacterial cell; the bacterium became the mitochondria and the archaea became the nucleus. |
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Term
| As we go up the evolutionary ladder, the amount of __________ per __________ increases. |
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Definition
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