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| The loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective. |
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| The use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organizations. |
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| Sociological inquiry conducted with the objective of gaining a more profound knowledge of the fundamental aspects of social phenomena. Also known as pure sociology. |
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| The use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent of altering social relationships or restructuring social institutions. |
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| A sociological approach that assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power or the allocation of resources, including housing, money, access to services, and political representation. |
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| Noneconomic goods, such as family background and education, which are reflected in a knowledge of language and the arts. |
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| The division of an individual's identity into two or more social realities. |
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| A view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers. |
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| An element or process of a society that may disrupt the social system or reduce its stability. |
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| A sociological approach that views inequity in gender as central to all behavior and organization. |
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| Functionalist perspective |
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| A sociological approach that emphasizes the way in which the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability. |
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| The worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas. |
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| A construct or model for evaluating specific cases. |
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| Interactionist perspective |
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| A sociological approach that generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to explain society as a whole. |
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| An unconscious or unintended function that may reflect hidden purposes. |
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| Sociological investigation that concentrates on large-scale phenomena or entire civilizations. |
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| An open, stated, and conscious function. |
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| Sociological investigation that stresses the study of small groups, often through experimental means. |
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| The study of the physical features of nature and the ways in which they interact and change. |
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| The sending of messages through the use of gestures, facial expressions, and postures. |
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| The body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observation. |
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| The collective benefit of social networks, which are built on reciprocal trust. |
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| A condition in which members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, or power. |
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| The study of the social features of humans and the ways in which they interact and change. |
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| An awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society, both today and in the past. |
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| The scientific study of social behavior and human groups. |
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| In sociology, a set of statements that seeks to explain problems, actions, or behaviors. |
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| The German word for "understanding" or "insight"; used to stress the need for sociologists to take into account the subjective meanings people attach to their actions. |
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