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Chapter 1: What Is Economics?
Opportunity costs, economic theory and the economic problem
18
Economics
12th Grade
08/23/2014

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Term
Scarcity
Definition
Makes problems for the economy. It is the state where the amount o  productive resources are not huge. Therefore, not meeting the demands of the people. For example, Susan has $800 to go shopping. She wants a new dress, which is $700, a new purse, and a new pair of shoes, both items are $100. Susan has to decide which two items she will get before she goes out to shop for her family gifts. Therefore, Susan picks the purse and shoes.
Term
Human capital
Definition
In this capital, having the brains, skills, and experience in the working world will help you and are your tools in that type of capital. The more you have human capital, the more your finances and expenses will be higher and higher. For instance, a chef would make more than a man who sells hot dogs in a hot dog cart does because the chef has more skills and experience than the hot dog cart man does.
Term
Human Resources
Definition
Is the main topic of human efforts, physical and mental, used to make goods and services. The most valuable of the human resources is labor. An individual who is in the human resources area is a help for everyone that they work with.
Term
Productive Resources
Definition
Also called factors of production, are the ideas use to make the goods and services that people want. Remember productive resources are able to be scarce, which means the goods and services are scarce, too. It is only scarce if not openly available.
Term

Labor

Definition
Is the most important of the human resources. It is the physical and mental attempt to use to make goods and services. Time, the fundamental human resource, is what labor comes from. Labor can be anything that involves energy and time, for instance : sleeping, eating, playing video games, watching Tv, etc...
Term
Entrepreneur
Definition
Is included with human resources. This person attempts to gain a profit by producing a new product or looking for a better way to create an existent one. They look to find profitable opportunities by buying resources and believing the risk of business success or failure.
Term
Natural Resources
Definition
Also called "gifts of nature". Land, forests, minerals, oil reserves, bodies of water, and even animals. It can be separated into renewable resources and exhaustible resources.
Term
Capital Goods
Definition
These goods involve all human creations used to create goods and services. They are made up of factories, tools, trucks, machines, computers, buildings, airports, highways, and other manufactured items assigned to make goods and services. Schools, tractors, medical tools, etc... are examples of capital goods.
Term
Good
Definition
Is a product that you are able to see, feel, and touch that needs less resources to make and pleases human wants or needs. Corn is a good because you can see, feel, and touch it. The TV, the shoes, and the cars are also examples of goods.
Term
Service
Definition
Unlike goods, service is something that is non-physical and it needs small resources to create and please human wants. Getting a haircut, WiFi, guitar lessons, etc... are examples of services.
Term
Markets
Definition
Buyers and sellers ship out exchange. Marketing is when buyers and sellers bring together two sides of trade, demand and supply, where markets figure out or decide on the price and quantity. Supermarkets, department stores, etc...are marketers. They also include other ways for buyers and sellers to talk, like the stock market, telephones, etc.
Term
Marginal Analysis
Definition
Meaning incremental, additional, extra, or one more. It refers to a different position in a variable of economy, a difference in the status quo. Amazon.com is an example of marginal analysis.
Term
Microeconomics
Definition
The study of economy's behavior in certain markets, such as the market for computers or for poorly work. It creates choices including what to purchase and to sell, how much to work, and how much to play, borrow, and save. It discusses how price and output are decided in one single market.
Term
Macroeconomics
Definition
It targets on the performance of the economy as a whole, involving the national economy. It fits all the pieces together to seek at the big picture
Term
Opportunity
Definition
The value of the best alternative passed up for he chosen item or activity. For instance, if I were to stay home and study for a test, an exam, or do a project, I have given up the opportunity to hang out with friends and go out.
Term
Sunk Cost
Definition
A cost you have already paid and cannot recover, regardless of what you do now. If I am waiting in a line that seems shorter but is moving slower than the long line, then what is represented here is a sunk cost.
Term
Circular Flow
Definition
Describes the flow of resources, products, income, and revenue among economic decision makers.
Term
Business Cycle
Definition
Fluctuations reflecting the rise and fall of economic activity relative to the long-term growth trend of the economy.
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