Term
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Definition
two or more forms of the same element that differ in their chemical structure and therefore in their properties
(See page(s) 57) |
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Definition
region of the stratosphere with the maximum ozone concentration
(See page(s) 58) |
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Term
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Definition
minuscule but highly dense region at the center of an atom that is composed of protons and neutrons
(See page(s) 60) |
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Term
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Definition
positively charged subatomic particle having the same mass as a neutron
(See page(s) 60) |
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Definition
electrically neutral subatomic particle with the same mass as a proton
(See page(s) 60) |
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Term
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Definition
subatomic particle with a much smaller mass than a proton or neutron and a negative electrical charge equal in magnitude to that of a proton, but opposite in sign
(See page(s) 60) |
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Term
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Definition
number of protons in an atom of that element
(See page(s) 60) |
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Term
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Definition
regular recurrence of certain chemical aspects of atoms that is demonstrated with increasing atomic number. These attributes are repeated at regular intervals in the periodic table.
(See page(s) 61) |
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Term
| outer (valence) electrons |
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Definition
electrons that help account for many of the observed trends in chemical properties
(See page(s) 61) |
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Term
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Definition
two or more atoms of the same element. Isotopes have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons, and hence in mass.
(See page(s) 62) |
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Term
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Definition
sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
(See page(s) 62) |
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Definition
a chemical bond in which two electrons are shared by the atoms involved
(See page(s) 63) |
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Term
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Definition
representation of an atom or molecule that shows its outer electrons
(See page(s) 63) |
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Definition
a bond formed when only one pair of shared electrons forms the linkage between atoms
(See page(s) 64) |
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Term
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Definition
chemical representation that shows the atoms and their arrangement with respect to one another in a molecule. A structural formula replaces each bonded electron pair in a Lewis structure with a line.
(See page(s) 64, 408) |
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Term
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Definition
the generalization that electrons in many molecules are arranged so that every atom (except hydrogen) shares in eight electrons
(See page(s) 64) |
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Definition
molecule consisting of three or more atoms
(See page(s) 65) |
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Term
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Definition
covalent bond consisting of two pairs of shared electrons
(See page(s) 66) |
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Term
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Definition
covalent linkage made up of three pairs of shared electrons
(See page(s) 67) |
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Definition
Lewis structures that represent hypothetical extremes of electron arrangements in a molecule
(See page(s) 67) |
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Definition
distance between successive peaks of waves in the electromagnetic spectrum
(See page(s) 68) |
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Definition
number of waves passing a fixed point in one second
(See page(s) 68) |
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Definition
a billionth (10-9) of a meter (m)
(See page(s) 69) |
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Definition
continuum of waves ranging from very long and low-energy radio waves to very short and high-energy X-rays and gamma rays
(See page(s) 69) |
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Definition
the entire collection of different wavelengths, each with its own energy
(See page(s) 69) |
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Definition
portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that includes wavelengths shorter than those of the visible color of violet
(See page(s) 69) |
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Definition
heat radiation; the region of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths longer than those of red visible light
(See page(s) 69) |
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Definition
noncontinuous energy distribution that consists of many individual steps
(See page(s) 71, 118) |
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Definition
individual bundles of energy
(See page(s) 71) |
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Term
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Definition
unstable chemical species with one or more unpaired electrons
(See page(s) 80) |
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Term
| chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) |
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Definition
compounds composed only of the elements chlorine, fluorine, and carbon
(See page(s) 82) |
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Term
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Definition
compounds similar to CFCs, in which bromine or fluorine atoms replace some or all of the chlorine atoms
(See page(s) 82) |
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Term
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Definition
chemical substance that participates in a chemical reaction and influences its rate or speed without undergoing permanent change
(See page(s) 36, 84) |
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Term
| polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) |
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Definition
thin stratospheric clouds composed of a small amount of frozen water vapor
(See page(s) 86) |
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Term
| effective stratospheric chlorine |
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Definition
chlorine- and bromine-containing gases in the stratosphere
(See page(s) 89) |
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Term
| hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) |
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Definition
compounds of hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, and carbon
(See page(s) 91) |
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Term
| hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) |
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Definition
compounds of hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon
(See page(s) 92) |
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