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Chapter 2 Vocab
n/a
30
Debate/Speech
Undergraduate 1
02/13/2009

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Term
decode
Definition
to assign meaning to
Term
semantics
Definition
the study of the way humans use language to evoke meaning in others
Term
syntax
Definition
the way in which words are arranged to form phrases and sentences
Term
encode
Definition
translating your thoughts into words
Term
pragmatics
Definition
the study of language as it is used in a social context, including its effect on the communicators
Term
phatic communication
Definition
communication that is used to establish a mood of sociability rather than to communicate information or ideas
Term
culture
Definition
the socially transmitted behavior patterns, beliefs, attitudes, and values of a particular period, class, community, or population
Term
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Definition
a theory that our perception of reality is determined by our thought processes and our thought processes are limited by our language and, therefore, that language shapes our reality
Term
denotative meaning
Definition
the agreed-upon meaning or dictionary meaning of a word
Term
connotative meaning
Definition
an individualized or personalized meaning of a word, which may be emotionally laden
Term
colloquialisms
Definition
words and phrases used informally
Term
cliche
Definition
an expression that has lost originality and force through overuse
Term
euphemism
Definition
a more polite, pleasant expression used instead of a socially unacceptable form
Term
doublespeak
Definition
any language that is purposefully constructed to disguise its actual meaning
Term
slang
Definition
a specialized language of a group of people who share a common interest or belong to a similar co-culture
Term
profanity
Definition
language that is disrespectful of things sacred
Term
jargon
Definition
the technical language developed by a professional group
Term
regionalisms
Definition
words and phrases specific to a particular region or part of the country
Term
sexist language
Definition
language that excludes individuals on the basis of gender
Term
racist language
Definition
language that insults a group because of its skin color or ethnicity
Term
heterosexist language
Definition
language that implies that everyone is heterosexual
Term
descriptiveness
Definition
the practice of describing observed behavior or phenomena instead of offering personal reactions of judgements
Term
paraphrasing
Definition
restating another person's message by rephrasing the content or intent of the message
Term
operational definition
Definition
a definition that identifies something by revealing how it works, how it is made, or what it consists of
Term
concrete language
Definition
words and statements that are specific rather than abstract or vague
Term
dating
Definition
specifying when you made an observation, since everything changes over time
Term
frozen evaluation
Definition
an assessment of a concept that does not change over time
Term
indexing
Definition
identifying the uniqueness of objects, events, and people
Term
cultural competence
Definition
the ability of individuals and system to respond respectfully and effectively to people of all cultures, classes, races, ethnic backgrounds, and religions in a manner that recognizes, affirms, and values the worth of individuals, families, and communities and protects and preserves the dignity of each
Term
language
Definition
a collection of symbols, letters, or words with arbitrary meanings that are governed by rules and used to communicate
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