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Chapter 2
MSE 2001
26
Other
Undergraduate 4
04/21/2016

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Term
Max electrons in each orbital
Definition
s - 2
p - 6
d - 10
f - 14
Term
At equilibrium, the Gibbs free energy of the phases are _____.
Definition
All equal
Term
For a spontaneous process the change in the
Gibbs free energy is ____
Definition
Less than zero.
Term
3 types of primary bonds
Definition
1. Ionic
2. Covalent
3. Metallic
Term
Ionic
Definition
metal - nonmetal
Term
Covalent
Definition
nonmetal - nonmetal
Term
Metallic
Definition
metal - metal
Term
As the electronegativity difference increases, the % ionic character ___.
Definition
Increases
Term
Ionization potential
Definition
The energy required to lose an electron from a neutral atom.
Term
Electron affinity
Definition
The energy given off when a neutral atom attracts an electron to become a negative ion.
Term
Electronegativity
Definition
The ability of an atom in a molecule to draw bonding electrons to itself.
Term
Cation
Definition
Positively charged ion.
Term
Anion
Definition
Negatively charged ion.
Term
Delocalized electrons (which is what metallic bonds have)
Definition
Electrons in a molecule, ion or solid metal that are not associated with a single atom or a covalent bond.
Term
On Bond-Force Curve, steeper curve ___ bondings and ___ Young's Modulus.
Definition
stronger; higher
Term
Critical radius
Definition
The minimum size that must be formed by atoms or molecules clustering together
Term
Change in electronegativity from ionic to covalent occurs at what number?
Definition
1.7
Term
Types of secondary bonds
Definition
1. van der Waals
2. Hydrogen
Term
van der Waals bond
Definition
Temporary dipole
Term
Hydrogen bond
Definition
Permanent dipole

Form whenever hydrogen bonds with strong electronegative atoms
Term
For the critical radius ratio, do anions need to touch each other?
Definition
No.
Term
Arrhenius Equation Formula
Definition
rate = Cexp(-Q/RT)
Term
The asymmetry in the bond energy curve is related to the ______ of the material.
Definition
thermal expansion
Term
Which quantum number contributes to magnetic properties?
Definition
Magnetic spin and angular momentum
Term
Thermal expansion
Definition
The tendency of matter to change in shape, area, and volume in response to a change in temperature, through heat transfer.
Term
Deep energy trough, ____ thermal expansion.
Definition
Small
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