Term
| What are the three distinct layers that make up the walls of arteries and veins? |
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Definition
- tunica intima (interna)
- tunica media
- tunica externa (adventitia)
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Term
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Definition
| the innermost layer of a blood vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| middle layer, contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue in a framework of loose conective tissue |
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Term
| smooth muscle tissue in tunica media |
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Definition
| under control of the sympathetic division of the ANS: vasoconstriction and vasodilation |
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Term
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Definition
| smooth muscles contract and reduce the diameter of the blood vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| relaxation of the smooth musces increases the diameter of the lumen |
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Term
| tunica externa (adventitia) |
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Definition
| forms a connective tissue sheath around the vessel |
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Term
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Definition
- transport large volumes of blood away from the heart
- ex: pulmonary and aortic trunks and their major branches
- extremely resilient
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Term
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Definition
| swelling of the aorta due to weakness of the aortic wall at some location |
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Term
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Definition
- distribution arteries, transport blood to the body's skeletal muscle and internal organs
- ex: external carotid, brachial arteries, femoral arteries, mesenteric arteries of the abdomen
- ANS control diameter of these
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Term
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Definition
- smaller than muscular arteries
- control the blood flow between arteries and capillaries
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Term
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Definition
- smallest and most delicate blood vessels
- diffusion and exchange occur quickly
- 3 types
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Term
| What are the 3 types of capillaries? |
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Definition
- continuous capillaries
- fenestrated capillaries
- sinusoids
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Term
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Definition
| found in most regions of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| contain "windows" or pores in their walls which permits rapid exchange of fluids and solutes |
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Term
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Definition
| have larger pores and thinner basal lamina which blood moves through relatively slow maximizing time for absorption and secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| concentration of capillaries; direct connections between arterioles and venules |
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Term
| list the arteries from largest to smallest |
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Definition
- large elastic arteries
- muscular arteries
- arterioles
- capillaries
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Term
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Definition
| collect blod from all tissues and organs and return it to the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| the smallest veins collect blood from the capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| larger than venules but smaller than large veins |
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Term
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Definition
| include the great veins, superior and inferior vena cava and their tributaries within abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities |
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Term
| What are all the veins from smallest to largest? |
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Definition
- capillaries
- venules
- medium-sized veins
- large veins
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Term
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Definition
- one-way valves that are formed from infoldings of the tunica intima
- prevent the backflow of blood
- skeletal muscle pump
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Term
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Definition
| any movement in the surrounding skeletal muscles squeezes the blood toward the heart |
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Term
| T/F: the blood volume is evenly distributed among arteries, veins, and capillaries |
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Definition
FALSE
unevenly distributed
heart, arteries, capillaries: 30-35% of blood volume
venous system: 65-70% of blood volume
(because venous walls are thinner and more distensible than arteries) |
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Term
| What happens if the body begins hemorrhaging? |
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Definition
| the medulla oblongata stimulates sympathetic nerves innervating smooth muscle cells in the walls of medium-sized veins reducing the volume of the venous system and maintaining the volume within the arterial system at near-normal levels despite blood loss |
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Term
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Definition
| the venous system acts as this with the liver acting as the primary reservoir |
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Term
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Definition
- cluster of chemoreceptors
- detect changes in:
- partial pressure of O2 & CO2
- pH and temperature
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Term
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Definition
- liver is the only digestive organ drained by the inferior vena cava
- blood that absorbs nutrients flows directly to the liver for processing and storage
- blood in hepatic portal system therefore has levels of blood glucose and amino acids higher than anywhere else in the circulatory system
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