Term
| What refers to any disorder of the blood? |
|
Definition
| Hematologic Disorder 1245 |
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|
Term
| What refers to disease processes that cause the breakdown of red blood cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What refers to bleeding and clotting abnormalities? |
|
Definition
| Hemostatic Disorders 1245 |
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Term
| What is the blood components and the organs involved in their development and production? |
|
Definition
| Hematopoietic System 1245 |
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Term
| What consists of organs and tissues, primarily bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes, involved in the production of blood components? |
|
Definition
| Hematopoietic System 1245 |
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Term
| What is the fluid of life and without it, we would not be able to live? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What function of blood transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs? |
|
Definition
| Respiratory Function 1245 |
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Term
| What function of blood carries nutrients (glucose, proteins, and fats) from the digestive tract to cells throughout the body? |
|
Definition
| Nutritional Function 1245 |
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Term
| What function of blood ferries the waste products of metabolism from the cells where they are produced to the excretory organs? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What function of blood transports hormones to their target organs and transmits excess internal heat to the surface of the body to be dissipated? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What function of blood carries defensive cells and antibodies, which protect the body against foreign organisms? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are molecules in the body that react against foreign antigens in the body? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two main components of blood? |
|
Definition
| Plasma and Formed Elements (Cells) 1245 |
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Term
| What is essentially 92% water and 6%-7% proteins; the remainder consists of a variety of other elements (including electrolytes, clotting factors, and glucose)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much of plasma is made up of water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much does plasma account for total blood volume? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How much do the formed elements account for total blood volume? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the formed elements include? |
|
Definition
| Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Thrombocytes 1245 |
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Term
| What are red blood cells? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are white blood cells? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What makes up 99% of the formed elements? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does production of RBCs occur? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What protein stimulates the production of RBCs? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where is erythropoietin secreted from in response to circulatory need? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How long may it take for RBCs to mature? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the average life span of RBCs? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 laboratory tests are commonly performed on blood? |
|
Definition
| RBC Count, Hemoglobin Level, and Hematocrit Measurement 1245 |
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Term
| What measures the number of RBCs in a sample of blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What identifies the amount of hemoglobin found within RBCs? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What gives the overall proportion of RBCs in the blood? |
|
Definition
| Hematocrit Measurement 1245 |
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|
Term
| What provide the body with immunity against "foreign invaders?" |
|
Definition
| White Blood Cells (WBCs) 1245 |
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Term
| What are cells that develop into other types of cells in the body? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the smallest of the formed elements and are responsible for the clotting of the blood? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What form the initial plug following vascular injury? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is a highly complex process that allows the body to stop bleeding through vascular spasm, coagulating, and platelet plugging? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the opposite of hemostasis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How many platelets circulate throughout the blood? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many platelets are stored in the spleen? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are platelets derived? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the average life span of platelets? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the major players in the hematologic system? |
|
Definition
| Bone, Marrow, Liver, and Spleen 1246 |
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Term
| Where is the primary site for cell production within the human body? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is bone marrow found? |
|
Definition
| Long Bones, Pelvis, Skull, and Vertebrae 1246 |
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Term
| What produces the clotting factors found in the blood? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are substances found in the blood that are necessary for clotting? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to old RBCs when they enter the liver? |
|
Definition
| Broken Down into Bile 1246 |
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Term
| What is involved with the filtering and breakdown of erythrocytes, assists with the production of lymphocytes, and has an important role in providing homeostasis and infection control? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are substances within the body that can activate the immune system? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What is a type of disease in which the body identifies its own antigens as a foreign body and activates the inflammatory system, sending out antibodies to destroy the antigen? |
|
Definition
| Autoimmune Disease 1246-1247 |
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Term
| What is a highly complex biologic system whose processes protect the body from pathogens and other unwanted material? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 types of immunity does the immune system consist? |
|
Definition
| Native Immunity (Innate) and Acquired Immunity (Adaptive) 1247 |
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Term
| What provides nonspecific, maximal response to any disturbance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What operates as the first line of defense against pathogens? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is specific to vertebrates, and provides a pathogen-specific response? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What response arises when the body is exposed to a foreign substance or disease and produces antibodies to the invader? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 types of immune system responses? |
|
Definition
| Humoral and Cell-Mediated 1247 |
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Term
| What refers to the secretion of antibodies called immunoglobulins, which recognize a specific antigen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the immune process where macrophages and T cells attack and destroy pathogens or foreign substances? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are WBCs and RBCs recycled? |
|
Definition
| Reticuloendothelial System 1248 |
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Term
| What is the commonly used blood classification system, based on the antigens present or absent in the blood? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What blood type has no ABO antigens? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What blood type is the universal donor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What blood type has no ABO antibodies? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What blood type is the universal recipient? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many Caucasians and African Americans in the United States have the Rh antigen? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the immediate physiologic response to hemorrhage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is narrowing of the blood vessels to clamp down and cut off blood flow at the affected site? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is a local vasoconstrictor that is released in response to an hemorrhage? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the secondary response to hemorrhage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are small cellular fragments that stick to collagen and become activated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are clots themselves made up of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the clotting process when an injury is detected? |
|
Definition
| Thrombin coverts Fibrinogen to Fibrin 1249 |
|
|
Term
| What acts as a binding agent, holding fibrin fibers close together to form the meshwork of the clot? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term that refers to the process by which clotting factors work together to ultimately form fibrin-can be initiated through either an intrinsic or an extrinsic pathway? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is trigged by elements within the blood itself? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is activated by tissue damage outside of the blood vessels themselves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is any process that interferes with the activation or continuation of the clotting cascade or hemostasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are bleeding disorders that can lead to heavy or prolonged bleeding? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is by far the leading inherited blood disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Approximately how many Americans have sickle cell disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many infants are estimated to be born with sickle cell each year in Africa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a temporary stop in the production of red blood cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a disorder relating to the breakdown of RBCs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a condition in which a patient with sickle cell disease experiences significant pain due to insufficient passage of oxygen and nutrients into tissues and joints because of vessel congestion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What results from blood flow to an organ becoming restricted, causing pain, ischemia, and often organ damage? |
|
Definition
| Vasoocclusive Crisis 1252 |
|
|
Term
| How long do most vasoocclusive crisis's last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a vasoocclusive crisis that can be associated with pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| Acute Chest Syndrome 1252 |
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|
Term
| What are some common signs and symptoms of acute chest syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Chest Pain, Fever, and Cough 1252 |
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|
Term
| What is caused by sickle cells within the spleen blocking blood from leaving the spleen, which results in painful, acute enlargement of the spleen and a hard and bloated abdomen? |
|
Definition
| Splenic Sequestration Crisis 1252 |
|
|
Term
| What is a condition in which RBCs become trapped in the spleen, causing a dramatic fall in hemoglobin available in the circulation; usually occurs in infants and toddlers? |
|
Definition
| Acute Splenic Sequestration Syndrome 1252 |
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|
Term
| What is defined as a hemoglobin or an erythrocyte level that is lower than normal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of anemia in which iron stores are low or lacking and the serum iron concentration is low? |
|
Definition
| Iron Deficiency Anemia 1253 |
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|
Term
| What is a type of anemia in which not enough hemoglobin is produced, or the hemoglobin is defective? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a reduction in WBCs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a reduction in platelets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are tiny purple or red spots that appear on the skin due to bleeding within the skin or under mucous membranes? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is a disease that develops in the lymphoid system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the system primarily made up of the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen that participates in formation of lymphocytes and immune response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are lymphocytes transformed because of stimulation by an antigen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are bone marrow replace by in acute leukemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What accumulates in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and peripheral blood in chronic leukemia? |
|
Definition
| Abnormal Mature Lymphoid Cells 1254 |
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|
Term
| What are a group of malignant diseases that arise within the lymphoid system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two categories of lymphomas? |
|
Definition
| Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Hodgkin Lymphoma 1255 |
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|
Term
| What categories may cancers by characterized based on the progression of the disease? |
|
Definition
| Indolent, Aggressive, or Highly Aggressive 1255 |
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|
Term
| What is characterized by an overabundance or overproduction of RBCs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is uncontrolled itching? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a life-threatening condition commonly found in severe trauma? |
|
Definition
| Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) 1256 |
|
|
Term
| What is a bleeding disorder in which clotting does not occur or occurs insufficiently? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two categories is hemophilia classified into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is blood in the urine or stool? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a disease in which the number of plasma cells in the bone marrow increases abnormally, causing tumors to form in the bones? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What may also accelerate protein development in the bloodstream, leading to organ failure (primarily the kidneys) and eventually death? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another term for cancerous cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a physiologic response that is similar to an anaphylactic reaction, in which the body reacts to the infusion of blood; occurs rapidly and can cause severe circulatory collapse and death? |
|
Definition
| Transfusion Reaction 1257 |
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