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Matter that always has exactly the same composition
~Every sample of a given substance has the same properties because a substance ahs a fixed, uniform composition. |
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A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
~An element has a fixed composition because it contains one type of atom |
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| The smallest particle of an element |
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A substance that is made from two or more simpler substances and can be broken down into those simpler substances.
~A compound always contains two or more elements joined in a fixed proportion |
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| The properties of a mixture can vary because the composition of a mixture is not fixed |
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| Parts of the mixture are noticeably different from one another |
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| Substances are so evenly distributed that it is difficult to distinguish one substance in the mixture from another |
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A homogeneous mixture formed when substances dissolve
~Do not separate into layers over time
~No substances in solution can be trapped by a filter
~Light does not scatter
*Particles in a solution are smallest |
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Heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers over time
~Can be separated by a filter
~Scatter light
*Bigger particles than solutions |
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Contains some particles that are intermediate in size between the small particles in a solution and the larger particles in a suspension.
~Do not separate into layers
~Cannot use a filter to separate
~Does scatter light |
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| Any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material. |
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Resistance to flowing
~Decreases when heater |
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| A material's ability to allow heat to flow |
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The ability of a solid to be hammered with shattering
~Solids that shatter easily are brittle |
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| A material's ability to scratch a softer substance |
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| The temperature at which a substance boils |
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| The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid |
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| The ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume |
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| **Using Physical Properties |
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| Used to identify a material, to choose a material for a specific purpose, or to separate the substances in a mixture |
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| The process that separates materials based on the size of their particles |
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| The process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points |
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Occurs when some of the properties of a material change, but the substances in the material remain the same.
~Some Physical Changes can be reversed, some cannot |
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| Any ability to produce change in the composition of matter. Chemical properties can be observed only when the substances in a sample of matter are changing in to different substances. |
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| A material's ability to burn in the presence of oxygen |
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| How readily a substance combines chemically with other substances |
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Occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substances.
~Three common types of evidence for a chemical change are a change in color, the production of a gas, and the formation of a precipitate. |
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| Any solid that forms and separates from a liquid mixture |
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