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The study of interactions between atoms and molecules |
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The smallest unit of matter that enters chemical reactions |
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Atoms interact together to form ______ . |
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Atoms are composed of 3 things: |
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What particles are located in the nuclease? |
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What particles are located around the nucleus? |
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T/ F? Each chemical element has a different number of protons |
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Atoms with different numbers of neutrons |
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What is Electron configuration? |
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When electrons are arranged in electron shells corresponding to different energy levels |
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How many electrons can fit on the 1st 3 electron shells? |
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Bond where 2 atoms share one or more pairs of electron |
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Bond when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an O or N atom in another molecule |
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The sume of the atomic weight in a molecule |
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What is one mole of a substance? |
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Its molecular weight in grams |
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Reaction involving the making and breaking of bonds between atoms |
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A change during in chemical energy occurs during |
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Occurs when atoms, ions, or molecules combine to form new, large molecules A + B -> AB |
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Occurs when a molecule is split into smaller molecules, ions, or atoms AB -> A + B |
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the synthesis of molecules in a cell |
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The decomposition reactions in a cell |
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The constant work of catabolism and anabolism in the body |
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A reaction that are part synthesis and part decomposition NaOH + HCl -> NaCL + H2O |
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Reaction that can readily go in either direction but each direction may need special conditions A + B ->(heat) AB |
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What are 2 things organic compounds always contain? |
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Inorganic compounds typicall lack ______ |
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an example of an inorganic compound |
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Water is a good example of what type of molecule? |
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Polar substances dissociate, forming solutes |
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What 2 chemicals participate in chemical reactions? |
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Hydrogen bonding between water and molecules makes water a ________________ |
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a substance that dissociates into one or more H+ |
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A substance that dissociates into one or more OH - |
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substance that dissociates into cations and anions, neither of which is H+ or OH- |
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expresses the amount of H+ in a solution |
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On the PH scale, most microbes grow best where? |
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The chain of carbon atoms in an organic molecule |
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What is responsible for most of the chemical properties of a particular organic compound? |
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When small organic molecules can combine into one large macromolecule |
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Macromolecules consist of many small repeating molecules known as a ______ |
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The adding of water in a reaction |
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Monomers join together by what? |
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These are important for structure and as energy sources for the body |
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What elements does carbohydrate consist of? |
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Simple sugars with 3 to 7 carbon atoms? |
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Formed when 2 monosaccharides are joined in a dehydration synthesis |
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How can disaccharides be broken down? |
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Consist of 2 to 20 monosaccharides |
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consist of 10's to 100's of monosaccharides joined together by dehydration synthesis |
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A polymer of 2 sugars repeating many times and is on fungus |
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What are the primary components of cell membranes? |
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These are nonpolar and insoluble in water |
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Fats triglyerides glycerol fatty acids all formed by dehydration synthesis |
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Type of fat that has one or more double bonds in the fatty acids |
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These contain C, H, and O, P, N, or S Memrbane made of phospholipid |
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Consist of 4 carbon ring with an -OH group attached to one ring |
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These are essential in cell structure + function |
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Proteins that speed chemical reactions |
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Type of protein that moves chemicals across membranes |
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What are flagella made out of ? |
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Some bacterial toxins are what? |
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Consist of subunits called amino acids |
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Exist in either of 2 steroisoisomers, D or L L forms are most often found in nature |
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Bond between amino acids that are formed by dehydration synthesis |
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What are the levels of protein structure? |
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1) Primary structure 2) Secondary structure 3) Tertiary structure 4) quatenary structure |
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glycoproteins nucleoproteins lipoproteins |
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1) Pentose 2) phosphate group 3) nitrogen containing (purine or pyrimidine) base |
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Has deoxyribose and exists as a double helix |
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A hydrogen bond with _____ |
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Has ribose and is single stranded |
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Has ribose, adenine, and 3 phosphate groups |
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ATP adeno triphosphate group |
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It is broken down by hydrolysis to liberate useful energy for the cell |
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