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Chapter 28
Arthropods and Echinoderms
71
Biology
9th Grade
05/09/2010

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Term
phylum arthropoda
Definition
segmented bodies, jointed appendages, exoskeleton
Term
subphylum chelicerata
Definition
spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions, and horseshoe crabs.
Term
class arachnida
Definition
spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions.
Term
subphylum crustacea
Definition
crab, lobster, shrimp, crawfish.
Term
subphylum uniramia
Definition
centipedes, millipedes, insects.
Term
class diplopoda
Definition
millipedes
Term
class chilopoda
Definition
centipedes
Term
appendages
Definition
limbs that extend off the main body section of an organism
Term
exoskeleton
Definition
tough external covering that protects and supports the body. Made of chitin.
Term
chitin
Definition
protein carbohydrates give strength to the exoskeleton
Term
shell layers
Definition
outer, middle, inner
Term
outer
Definition
waxy, repels water
Term
middle
Definition
strength
Term
inner
Definition
muscle attachment, flexible at the joints
Term
compound eyes
Definition
multiple lens, multiple images
Term
gills
Definition
feathery structures that diffuse oxygen from the surrounding waters
Term
book lungs
Definition
respiratory organ used by arachnids (spiders).
Term
tracheal tubes
Definition
tubes that transport oxygen
Term
molting
Definition
shedding of its skin covering so it can grow larger
Term
chelicerae
Definition
modified fangs used for stabbing and paralyzing prey
Term
pedipalps
Definition
used for communication and to grab prey
Term
chepalothorax
Definition
head and thorax combination
Term
carapace
Definition
covering on the chephalothorax on a crayfish
Term
how many eyes on most spiders?
Definition
8 SIMPLE eyes.
Term
How many legs on a spider?
Definition
4 pairs.
Term
spinnerets
Definition
web-weaving organ
Term
ballooning
Definition
young uses silk to fly away and relocate
Term
spiracles
Definition
holes in abdomen attached to the tracheal tubes allows oxygen to enter
Term
malpighian tubules
Definition
excretory ORGAN of archanids that extracts waste from circulatory fluid
Term
coxal gland
Definition
excretory GLAND in some archanids found on the base of some legs discharge wastes.
Term
nauplius
Definition
free swimming larvae of crustations
Term
telson
Definition
end of tail, flat paddle
Term
uropod
Definition
paired segments on tail, helps flip tail under so crayfish can move quickly backward
Term
antennules
Definition
equilbrium
Term
antennae
Definition
feelers, touch, taste.
Term
maxillae
Definition
maipulate food-respiration
Term
mandibles
Definition
jaws for chewing and crushing
Term
maxillipeds
Definition
manipulate food- three pairs.
Term
chelipeds
Definition
large claws- for defense
Term
swimmerets
Definition
appendages attached to the tail, used to hold eggs during reproductive seasons
Term
what is found in the stomach of the crayfish?
Definition
small teeth
Term
what is attached to the crayfish legs and why?
Definition
gills, legs move gills while moving in their environment. Water circulates over gills, providing oxygen.
Term
green glands
Definition
excretory organ that releases excess water
Term
statocysts
Definition
cells that contain calcium, regulate the crayfishes equilibrium when its upside down
Term
centipede characteristics
Definition
one pair of legs per segment, flat body, poisonous claw-like appendages, nocturnal, carnivores
Term
millipede characteristics
Definition
two pairs of legs per segment, round body, day-eaters, secrete toxin from skin, herbivore.
Term
insects characteristics
Definition
body divided into three parts, head thorax and abdomen. two pair of wings, three pairs of legs.
Term
mandibles
Definition
insects- grinding, 3 mouthparts.
Term
metamorphosis
Definition
a process that changes the shape and forms a new body
Term
complete metamorphosis
Definition
egg, caterpillar (larvae), caccoon- mouth. pupa creates butterfly.
Term
incomplete metamorphosis
Definition
egg, nymph(no wings or reproductive organs in this stage, requires molting), adult.
Term
visual clues
Definition
the ability to see signaling (fireflies)
Term
chemical signals
Definition
pheromone chemicals that affect the behavior and development of an organism
Term
society
Definition
a group of related organisms of the same species work together for the benefit of the group
Term
castes
Definition
individuals that are specialized to perform particular tasks or roles
Term
tubelike
Definition
sucking (moth)
Term
spongelike
Definition
laps up food (fly)
Term
spongelike
Definition
laps up food (fly)
Term
piercinglike
Definition
bloodsucking (mosquito)
Term
echinodermata
Definition
star fish, urchin, sea cucumber, sand dollars
Term
ossicles
Definition
found in the internal skeleton and skin of the echinoderm
Term
water vascular system
Definition
a network of fluid-filled canals connected to tube feet. uses are: respiration, feeding, movement and excretion
Term
madreporite
Definition
small pores on the top surface where water enters
Term
radial canal
Definition
canals that extend from the ring canal to the end of each arm transporting water to hundreds of tube feet.
Term
ampulla
Definition
a bulb-like sac found o the top of each tube foot where water is forced in and out.
Term
bipinnaraia
Definition
larvae of echinoderms
Term
feeding habits of the starfish? how does it eat?
Definition
arms wrap around mollusk, open shell slightly, stomach inverts down into mollusks body. soft body parts are digested, pulls stomach back in.
Term
radial symmetry
Definition
body parts repeat around the center of the body
Term
internal skeleton
Definition
the kind of skeleton found on an Echinoderm, contains stiff plates called ossicles.
Term
regeneration law of a starfish?
Definition
a starfish can regenerate as long as the central disk is attached.
Term
tube feet
Definition
found on the end of the radial canal, contain a sucker and muscles that create enormous hydraulic force for making and opening mollusks.
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