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| Involves the correctness of fit between objects and spaces and the needs of the people using them. It encompasses a number of design disciplines that relate to the physical, psychological, and social needs of people. |
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| The measurement of the size and proportions of the human body. |
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The study of the relation between human physiology and the physical environment.
-Uses the information developed by anthropometrics, but it goes further by studying exactly how humans interact with physical objects like chairs, control panels, desks, and the like.
NOTE: One of the MOST IMPORTANT aspects of designing a computer station is keyboard height. The keyboard surface should be from 26 to 28 1/2 inches high and be ADJUSTABLE. |
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Based on the quality of the following primary environmental factors:
-temperature
-Humidity
-Air movement
-Temperature radiation to and from surrounding
surfaces
-air quality
-sound
-vibration
-light |
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The transfer of heat through the movement of a fluid, either a gas or liquid.
-One of the ways the body loses heat. |
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Occurs when moisture changes to vapor as a person perspires or breathes.
-On of the three ways in which the body loses heat |
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The transfer of heat energy through electromagnetic waves from one surface to a colder surface.
-One of the three ways the body loses heat. |
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| Depends on the interrelationship of air temperature, humidity, air movement, and radiation. |
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The primary determinant of comfort.
-General comfort range is between 69 and 80 with a tolerable range from 60 to 85
-A value called the EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE (ET) has been developed that combines the effects of air temperature, humidity, and air movement. |
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The percentage of moisture in the air compared with the maximum amount of moisture the air can hold at a given temperature without condensing.
-Comfortable relative humidity ranges are between 30 and 65% with tolerable ranges between 20 and 70% |
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Tends to increase evaporation and heat loss through convection.
-Wind speeds of from 50 to about 200 feet per minute are generally acceptable for cooling without causing annoying drafts. |
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Because the body can gain or lose heat through this, the temperature of the surrounding surface is an important factor in determining human comfort.
-(Surface temperature of the human skin is about 85 degrees)
-The MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE (MRT) is the value used to determine this aspect of comfort.
-MRT is an important factor in comfort in cold rooms or in the winter because as the air temperature decreases, the body loses more heat through radiation than by evaporation.
Even a room with an adequate temperature will feel cool if the surfaces are cold. Warming these surfaces or covering them with wall hangings or drapes are ways to counteract this effect. |
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Required to provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, to remove odors, and to carry away contaminants.
-Building codes specify the minimum amount of fresh, outdoor air that must be circulated and the total circulated air in cubic feet per minute. |
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A particular place with definable boundaries and objects in which a standing pattern of behavior occurs at a particular time.
EXAMPLE: A weekly board of directors meeting in a conference room can be considered a behavior setting.
-Useful because it connects the strictly behavioral aspects of human activity with the effects of the physical environment on people.
Four types: Territoriality, Personalization, Group Interaction, and Status |
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The need to lay claim to the spaces we occupy and the things we own. Related to the needs for self-identity and freedom of choice. EXAMPLE: personalizing a work desk.
-EXAMPLE of a more permanent space would be fences, walls, and property lines.
-A row of file cabinets ro a change in level may serve to define a person's or group's territory.
-Closely related to territoriality is the concept of personal space that surrounds and individual. Reference graphic. |
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| How the theory of personal space is applied to the use of space. |
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| One of the ways territoriality manifests itself. Whether it happens in one's home, at the office desk, or in a waiting lounge, people will often arrange the environment to reflect their presence and uniqueness. |
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Seating arrangement is one of the most common ways of facilitating this. Reference graphic.
-Round tables tend to foster more cooperation and equality among those seated around them. Rectangular tables promote superior positioning.
-In most cases, providing a variety of spaces for interaction is the best approach. |
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| The physical environment holds much symbolism for most human beings. |
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