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Chapter 3
Independent assortment of Genes
18
Biology
Undergraduate 2
09/14/2011

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Term
mitochondrial genome cross: mutant female x wild type male
Definition
all mutants
Term
mitochondrial genome cross: wild type female x mutant male
Definition
all wild type
Term
organelle crosses come from
Definition
one parent, in our case the mother
Term
test cross
Definition
homozygous recessive for both genes
Term
monohybrid
Definition
heterozygous for one gene
Term
dihybrid
Definition
heterozygous for two genes
Term
ratios diagnostic of independent assortment in one and two dihybrid meiocytes
Definition
1:1:1:1 and 9:3:3:1
Term
product rule
Definition
the probability of independent events BOTH occurring together is the product of their individual probabilities
Term
sum rule
Definition
the probability of EITHER of two mutually exclusive events occurring is the sum of ther individual probabilities
Term
chi-square tests
Definition
used to determine the probability of obtaining these results due to chance alone
Term
null hypothesis
Definition
any deviation from the expected is due to chance
Term
degrees of freedom
Definition
numbers of classes/traits - 1
Term
chi square equation
Definition
x^2= summation: (O-E)^2 / E
Term
process used to create pure lines
Definition
repeated selfing
Term
hybrid vigor
Definition
general superiority of mutiple hetozygotes
Term
recombinants
Definition
haploid meiotic products with new combinations of the alleles carried by the haploid genotypes that united to form the meiocyte
Term
what does a recombinant frequency of 50% indicate
Definition
that the genes are independently assorting and are most likely on different chromosomes
Term
polygenic inheritance
Definition
some traits are controlled by alleles that provide different degrees of effect, while others are controlled by small contributions of many genes
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