Term
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Definition
crime caused by:
-conscience so overbearing that it arouses feelings of guilt
-conscience so weak that it cannot control the -individual's impulses
-need for immediae gratification(pleasure) |
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Term
| basic components of human psyche |
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Definition
-id (urges/need for pleasure)
-superego (conscience)
-ego (personality,moderator between ego&id) |
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Term
| psychoanalytic theory examples |
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Definition
-unconcious feelings of guilt relieved through crime
-conscience too weak & cant control impulses of ID.
-unable to give up desires for pleasure (strong id) |
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Term
| appealing principles of criminality |
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Definition
-actions and behavior of adult understood in terms of childhood development.
-behavior and unconscious motives are intertwined.
-represents psychological conflict |
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Term
| Kohlberg's moral development |
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Definition
-preconventional, conventional, postconventional
-social bond/interaction, role-playing
(ie children learn moral by reasoning w/ others @ higher moral development)a |
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Term
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Definition
children's moral rules and values do's and dont's to avoid punishment. desire to avoid punishment and belief in superior power of authorities.
-criminals |
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Term
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Definition
| adolescents reason here. believe in & have adopted values and rules of society. seek to uphold rules & pleasing others by acting as good members of society. |
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Term
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Definition
individuals examine customs and social rules according to their own sense of universal human rights, moral principles, and duties.(ie humanrights & dignity for human life supersede the writen law when conflict)
-seen at age 20 in adults |
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Term
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Definition
| strength of emotional bond affects child's ability to form attachments in the future. |
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Term
| Bowlby Attachment theory (7 features) |
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Definition
specifity, duration, engagement of emtotion,course develolpment, learning (productof social interaction),organization(interpersonal maturation)m biological function (survival!)
-criminals cant form affectionate bonds |
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Term
| family atmosphere & delinquency |
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Definition
iandequate maternal affection & supervision, parental conflict, mom lack of self confidence, & fathers deviance correlate to criminal act
-no evidence that deprivation DIRECTLY causes delinquency |
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Term
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Definition
maintains that delinquent behavior is learned through the same psychological processes as any other behavior.(reinforced/rewards)
-explains WHY some individuals engage in violent behavior
-Bandura |
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Term
Social Learning Theory:
3 forms |
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Definition
-observational
-direct experience
-differential reinforcement |
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Term
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Definition
| behavioral modeling-learn by fashioning behavior after others (ie media, family, subculture) determined by behavior of others |
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Term
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Definition
| determined by what we ourselves do and what happens to us. remember past and use its lessons to avoid future mistakes (trial&error), after engaging in given behavior & examining response to our actions, behavior is modified as necessay o obtain favorable responses |
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Term
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Definition
direct experience of:
-aversive (physical assault, verbal threat,downhill life,no goal-directed behavior)
-incentive instigators:rewards(praise/$)
-modeling:observed in others
-instructional: observation of ppl w/ instructions to so
-delusional:unfounded belief that it's justified |
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Term
| Differential Association reinforcement |
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Definition
Ernest Burgess & Ronald Akers
-persistence of crime behavior depends on rewards/punishments esp from group meaningful to individual (fam,teachers,peers) |
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Term
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Definition
-more impulsive, hostile, self-centered, & immature, lack of responsiblity,intolerance.
-personal history+personality characteristcs predict future criminality, but same personality as noncriminals. |
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Term
| Eysenck's Conditioning Theory |
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Definition
-human personality seen in three dimensions:
psychoticism, extroversion, and neuroticism
-humans develop a conscience through conditioning(rewarded for social behavior, punished for asocial behavior) |
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Term
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Definition
| agressive, egocentric, and impulsive |
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Term
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Definition
| sensation-seeking,dominant, assertive |
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Term
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Definition
| low self-esteem, excessive anxiety, wide mood swings |
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Term
Eysenck's Conditioning Theory-
Criminal's poor conditionability |
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Definition
1.extroverts much more difficult to condition & develop a CONSCIENCE.
2.low level of cortical arousal (higher intellectual functioning,decision making) difficulty in developing a conscience and need for external stimulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| (sociopathy, antisocial) inability to learn from experience( do noy modify behavior after punishment), lack of warmth, and abscence of guilt |
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Term
| fundamental psycholegal error |
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Definition
| error in thinking-identify a cause for criminal behavior and then assume that it naturally follows that any behavior reasulting from that "cause" must be excused by law. |
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Term
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Definition
study of physical aspects of psychological disorders.
crim has biochemical abnormalities,abnormal brain wave, nervous sytem dysfunction, inclination towards criminality. |
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Term
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Definition
-XYY: no correlation to aggression
-Twin: identical more likely to be criminal than fraternal
Adoption:criminal bio.parents more influence on child
-IQ:different environments |
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Term
| Criticism of Biocriminology |
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Definition
-denies individual free will
-labels groups as criminals
-doesnt attribute to environment |
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Term
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Definition
1.failure in psychological development (weak conscience, inner conflict, maternal deprivation)
2.aggrssion learned through social learning
3. personality of criminals
4. relation of criminality to mental disorders (phycosis) |
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