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Chapter 4
The Market Forces of Supply and Demand
23
Economics
Undergraduate 2
12/12/2011

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Term
Market
Definition
Group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or service
Term
buyers determine _____ and sellers determine ______.
Definition
1) demand. 2) supply
Term
Competitive market
Definition
A market in which there are many buyers and many sellers so that each has a negligible impact on the market price.
Term
In a perfectly competitive market...
Definition
not one buyer or seller can influence the market.
Term
Quantity Demanded
Definition
The among of a good that buyers are willing and able to purchase.
Term
Law of Demand
Definition
The claim that the quantity demanded of a god falls when the price of that good rises.
Term
Market Demand
Definition
Sum of all individual demands for one good/service
Term
Normal Good
Definition
A good for which an increase in income leads to an increase in demand.
Term
Inferior Good
Definition
A good for which a decrease in income leads to an increase in demand.
Term
Substitutes
Definition
Two foods for which an increase in the price of one leads to an increase in the demand for the other.

Serves similar purpose.
Term
Complements
Definition
Two goods for which an increase in the price of one leads to an increase in the demand for the other.

Goods often paired together.
Term
Quantity Supplied
Definition
The amount of a good that sellers are willing and able to sell.
Term
Law of Supply
Definition
The claim that the quantity supplied for a good rises when the price of that good rises.
Term
Market Supply
Definition
Sum of all sellers' supplies.
Term
Shifts in Demand Curve
Definition
Right: Increase in demand
Left: Decrease in demand
Term
Shifts in Supply Curve
Definition
Right: increase in supply
Left: decrease in supply
Term
Variable that that shift demand
Definition
Income, prices of related goods, tastes, expectations, number of buyers
Term
Variables that shift supply curve
Definition
Input prices, technology, expectations, number of selers
Term
Equilibrium
Definition
a Situation in which the market price has reached the level at which quantity supplied equals quantity demanded
Term
Equilibrium Price
Definition
The price that balances QS and QD
Term
Surplus
Definition
A situation in which QS is greater than QD

Leads to fall in prices.
Term
Shortage
Definition
A situation win which QS is less than QD

Leads to raised prices
Term
Law of Supply and Demand
Definition
the claim that the price of any good adjusts to bring the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded for that good into balance.
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