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Chapter 43
Principles of Animal Reproduction and Development
25
Biology
12th Grade
05/03/2011

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Term
sexual reproduction
Definition
done with another organism
takes more time and energy
gives offspring a greater capacity of faster adaptations
Term
asexual reproduction
Definition
producing by itself
1 parent has all genes represented in next generation
takes less time to reproduce than with sexual reproduction
Term
yolk
Definition
thick fluid that nearly all animal eggs contain to nourish embryonic stages
Term
blastula
Definition
a ball of blastomeres and a cavity filled with their own secretions
Term
blastomeres
Definition
one of the small, nucleated cells that forms during the cleavage stage of animal development
Term
gastrula
Definition
early animal embryo with two or three primary tissue layers
Term
ectoderm
Definition
first-formed, outer primary tissue layer of animal embryos
Term
endoderm
Definition
inner primary tissue layer of animal embryos
Term
mesoderm
Definition
primary tissue layer that gives rise to many internal organs and part of the integument
Term
somites
Definition
one of the many paired segments in a vertebrate embryo that gives rise to most bones, skeletal muscles of the head, and the dermis.
Term
sperm
Definition
mature male gamete
Term
oocyte
Definition
a type of immature egg
Term
gray crescent
Definition
pigmented region of the cell cortex of amphibian eggs
Term
cytoplasmic localization
Definition
accumilation of different kinds of proteins or RNAs in specific regions of the egg cytoplasm
Term
neural tube
Definition
embryonic and evolutionary forerunner of the brain and spinal cord
Term
selective gene expression
Definition
outcome of controls over which gene products a cell makes or activates in a specified interval
Term
cell differentiation
Definition
different cell lineages selectively express a different fraction of their genome
Term
morphogenesis
Definition
tissues and organs form by a program of orderly changes
Term
apoptosis
Definition
programmed cell death
Term
embryonic induction
Definition
a change in the composition, structure, or both of cells in an embryo by exposure to signals from the cells of nearby tissues
Term
pattern formation
Definition
the sculpting of tissues and organs from clumps of cells in the proper places
Term
morphogens
Definition
an inducer molecule
Term
master genes
Definition
one of the genes encoding the products that map out the body plan in developing embryos
Term
homeotic genes
Definition
helps determine identity of body parts during embryonic development
Term
telomere
Definition
a cap of reproductive DNA sequences on the end of a chromosome
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