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Chapter 4
Vocab
31
Sociology
12th Grade
03/18/2010

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Term
Social structure
Definition
network of interrlated stauses and roles that guides human interaction
Term
Role strain
Definition
Situation that occurs when a person has difficulty meeting the expectations of a single role
Term
Status
Definition
Socially defined position in a group or in a society
Term
Master status
Definition
Status that plays the greatest role in shaping a persons life and determining his/her social identity
Term

Role

Definition
Behavior- the rights and obligations-expected of someone occupying a specific status
Term
Exchange
Definition
Individual group or societal interaction under taken in an effort to receive a reward in return for actions
Term
Competition
Definition
Interaction that occurs when two or more persons or groups oppose each other to achieve a goal that only one can attain
Term
Exchange theory
Definition
theory that holds that people are motivated by self-interests in their interactions with other people
Term
Group
Definition
Set of two or more people who interact on the basis of shared expectations and who possess some degree of common identity
Term
Organic solidarity
Definition
Impersonal social relationships, common in industrial societies that arise with increased job specialization
Term
Primary group
Definition
Small group of people who interact over a relatively long period of time on a direct and personal basis
Term
Secondary group
Definition
Group in which interaction is impersonal and temporary in nature
Term
E-community
Definition
A community of people who interact through the internet or other electronic communiction
Term
Expressive leaders
Definition
Leaders who are emotion-oriented
Term
Formal organization
Definition
Large, complex secondary group that has been established to achieve specific goals
Term
Bureaucracy
Definition
Ranked authority structure that operates according to specific rules and procedures
Term
Iron law of oligarchy
Definition
tendency of organizations to become increasingly dominated by small groups of people
Term
Voluntary-organization
Definition
A non-profit organization formed to pursue some common interest
Term
Triad
Definition
Three-person group
Term
Out-group
Definition
Any group that an individual does not belong to or identify with
Term
Hunting and gathering society
Definition
What type of society has a subsistence strategy of daily collection of plants and hunting of wild animals?
Term
Reciprocity
Definition
Idea that if you do something for someone they owe you something in return
Term
Accomodation
Definition
The state of balance between conflict and cooperation is:
Term

Hunting/gathering

Horticultural

Pastoral

Agricultural

Definition
What are 4 types of societies that are classifed as pre-industrial?
Term
Ascribed status
Definition
Status assigned according to standards that are beyond personla control (daughter)
Term
Achieved status
Definition
Status acquired by an individual on the basis of some special skill, knowledge or ability (husband, teacher)
Term
Role set
Definition
Different roles attached to a single status
Term
Group of people gathered in the same place at the same time who lack orgnization or lasting patterns of interaction
Definition
What is an aggregate?
Term
Role strain
Definition
occurs when a person has difficulty meeting the role expectations of a single status
Term
Role conflict
Definition
Occurs when fulfilling the role expectations of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the role expectations of another status
Term
Social network
Definition
web of relationships that is formed by the sum total of an indiviudals interactions with other people
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