Term
| Gnathostome synapomorphies |
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Definition
| Jaws, paired fins, teeth, scales |
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Term
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Definition
| Benthic, large, dentritus eaters or active predators. Radiation of very derived forms. Ossified arches around prevertebrae. |
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Term
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Definition
Fin structure, cartlaginous skeleton, serial tooth replacement.
Secondary loss of bone. Cartilaginous skeleton, internal fertilization
Synapomorphies: secondary loss of bone, cartilage skeletons, internal fertilization. This includes sharks, dorgfish, rays, and mantees. |
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Term
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Definition
| Spiracles. (first gill slits, brings oxygen to brain and eye) |
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Term
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Definition
| No caudal fin, no scales, upper jaw fused to brain case. |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 semi circular canals and otoliths. Ossified operculum. Neural and hemal arches. |
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Term
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Definition
| Notochord with neural and hemal spines. Partial exoskeleton. Heterocercal tail |
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Term
| Heterocercal tails vs Homocercal tails |
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Definition
Heterocercal tails generate lift.
Homocercal tails only allow lift with air sacs |
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Term
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Definition
Ray finned fishes. Possess muscle/bones to support fin within body.
Synapomorphies: Fin rays. Fins with bony girdles |
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Term
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Definition
| Earliest bony fish. Cartilaginous notochord (derived loss of bone) Heterocercal tail |
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Term
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Definition
Terminal bony fish. Aka radiation fish.
Syn: Skull modifications increase jaw mobility. Founder thinner scales, homocercal tail, ossified vertebrae. Swim bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
Fleshy lobe fins. Include lung fish, coelacanth, etc. Less diverse fish.
Syn: Pectoral and pelvic pairs of fins at end of short muscular appendages. Rhipidistia are extinct kinds. THey possessed notochords with ossified neural/hemal arches. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inherited from radiation of fishes: paired appendages, jaws, vertebrae, lungs. |
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