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Chapter 4
Atomic Structure
14
Chemistry
11th Grade
10/08/2010

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Term
Atomic Number (z)
Definition
- Number of protons in an atom
- Each element has a unique atomic number
- # of electrons in a neural atom
Term
Mass Number
Definition
- Sum of protons and neutrons
- Mass of an atom
- Subtract the atomic number from it and you get the number of neutrons in the atom (A-Z= number of neutrons)
Term
Two shorthanded notations for the composition of an atom
Definition
1)
Mass number
Symbol
Atomic number
2) Name of atom-mass#
EX: Hydrogen-2
Term
Isotopes
Definition
- Atoms with the same number of protons but dif. Number of neutrons
- Each element has isotopes
Term
Three isotopes of hydrogen
Definition
1)1/1H (most common)
a. Called hydrogen-1 or simply hydrogen
2)2/1H
a. Called hydrogen-2 or deuterium
3)3/1 H
a. Called hydrogen-3 or tritium
Term
Isotopes of an element have
Definition
1) Different mass numbers
2) Different number of neutrons
3) Same chemical properties because they have the same number of protons and electrons
Term
Dalton's Model of the atom
Definition
- A tiny, indestructable, solid sphere
- Had no internal structure
Term
Thomson's Model of the Atom
Definition
- A sphere of positive charge with electrons embeaded in it
- Was called the "plum-pudding" model.
Term
Rutherford
Definition
- student of Thomson
- Discovered protons
- Carried out a famous gold-foil experiment
- Rutherford's Nuclear Model of the Atom
○ Tells us that the atoms is
mostly empty space
○ All of the positive
charge and most of the
mass are in a small region
in the center of the
atom called the nucleus
○ Nucleus is composed
of protons and neutrons
○ Electrons moves
around nucleus(outside)
Term
Neutron
Definition
- Its existence was predicted by Rutherford.
- Has virtually the same mass as a proton, but no change as a proton.
- Was discovered by Chadwick.
Term
three major subatomic particles:
Definition
electron, proton and neutron.
Term
quark
Definition
each proton and neutron is composed of an even smaller particle called a
Term
atom
Definition
the smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction.
Term
Democritus
Definition
- Was a reek philosopher (460 BC- 370 BC)
- Was among the first to suggest the existence of atoms
- Believed that atoms were indivisible and indestructible.
- Did not carry out experiments
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