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| first to observe living cells |
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| concluded that all plants are composed of cells |
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| concluded that all animals are composed of cells |
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| Noted that all cells come from other cells. |
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1. plasma membrane
2. cytoplasm
3. nucleus |
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| 3 essential parts of CELL THEORY |
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Definition
1. All living organisms are made of one or more cells.
2. cells are basic units of structure and function
3. cells come only from pre-existing cells |
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| characteristics of living things |
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Definition
1.composed of cells
2.consist of organized parts
3.obtain energy from their surroundings
4.respond to their environment.
5.change with time - grow
6.reproduce
7.adapt to their environment
8.share a common history |
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| reflects the different functions of a cell. |
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| limited by the relationship of the cell's outer surface area to its volume. |
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| all materials enter and exit through this part of the cell. Outer boundary |
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| the control center. It controls most of the functions of the eukaryotic cell. |
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| prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
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| Cells with no nucleus. Their genetic information is stored in the nucleoid. |
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| much larger than prokaryotes. |
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| allows the cell to excrete wastes and interact with its environment. |
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| plasma and organelle membranes are made primarily of these |
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| located in the plasma membrane, makes the membrane more firm and prevents the membrane from freezing at low temperatures. |
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| a collection of genetically identical cells that live together in a connected group. |
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| formed when several organ systems combine |
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| the arrangement of the phospholipids |
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Definition
| makes the cell membrane selectively permeable |
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| proteins embedded within the lipid bilayer |
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| proteins that lie on only one side of the membrane and are not embedded in it. |
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| functions primarily as an intracellular highway, a pathway for moving from one part of the cell to another. |
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Term
| two types of ER (endoplasmic reticulum) |
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Definition
Rough ER (interconnected flattened sacs covered with ribosomes)
smooth ER (lacks ribosomes) |
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| Small spherically shaped sacs that are surrounded by a single membrane. They are classified by their contents. |
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Definition
1.proteins are assembled by ribosomes on the rough ER
2.vesicles carry proteins from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus
3.proteins are modified in the Golgi apparatus and enter new vesicles
4.some vesicles release their proteins outside the cell
5.other vesicles remain in the cell and become lysosomes and other vesicles |
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Definition
| provide a path for organelles and molecules as they move throughout the cell. |
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| How do prokaryotes differ from eukakryotes? |
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Definition
Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
Prokaryotes have a nucleoid.
Prodaryotes lack an internal membrane system. |
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| How do plant cells differ from animal cells? |
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Definition
Plant cells produce a cell wall.
Plant cells contain a large central vacuole.
Plant cells contain plastids which are not found in animal cells. |
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