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| A Greek term literally meaning "action" adopted by Karl Marx to emphasize the importance of action in relation to thinking. |
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| Term associated with the gift of the Holy Spirit. Often used to refer to styles of theology and worship that place particular emphasis upon the immediate presence and experience of the Holy Spirit. |
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| term used since the 19th century to refer to the emphasis upon human reason and autonomy, characteristic of much of western European and North American thought during the 18th century. |
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| A term more modernly used of a movement, especially in English-language theology, which places especial emphasis upon the supreme authority of Scripture and the atoning death of Christ. |
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| A term used to designate the general position of Karl Barth especially the manner of which he drew upon the theological concerns of the period of Reformed Orthodoxy. |
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| A rational reaffirmation of moral truths already available to enlightened reason. |
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| Quest for the Historical Jesus |
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| A search for the real human Jesus of history outside of the New Testament. |
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| Area of Christian theology that focuses on the defense of the Christian Faith. |
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| The idea that human nature is in some sense flawed or corrupted. |
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| A term coined by Leibniz to refer to a theoretical justification of the goodness of God in the face of the presence of evil in the world. |
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| A movement best seen as a reaction against central themes of the Enlightenment, such as the claim that reality can be known to the human reason. It made an appeal to the human imagination, capable of providing a synthesis of the complexities and tensions which it observed in nature and in human feelings. |
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| Schleiermacher argued that everything is related to the redemption accomplished by Jesus of Nazareth by dealing with the consciousness of God, sin, and grace. |
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| Victorian Crisis of Faith |
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| While recognizing the importance of religious feeling, and acknowledging the importance of the quest for a transcendent dimension to life, some Romanticists saw the quest as having no necessary connection with the Christian Faith. |
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| Traditional way of speaking of the doctrine of the work of Christ. |
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| Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher |
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| Widely regarded as the most important Protestant theologian of the 19th century, based on an appeal to the experience of absolute dependence, laying the intellectual foundations for the rise of liberal Protestantism. |
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| An Anglican turned Roman Catholic who clarified the relation of faith and reason in the development of doctrine. |
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| DialA Swiss Protestant theologian, regarded as the greatest of the 20th century, since the Reformation. He placed an emphasis on divine revelation, which forced an evaluation of much existing theology creating the term Neo-Orthodoxy. |
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| Continuing and extending Schleiermacher's ideas as an attempt to correlate culture and faith in such as way that faith need not be unacceptable to contemporary culture and contemporary culture need not be unacceptable to faith. He correlated the ultimate questions of humanity and the answers provided in the Christian faith. |
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| A phrase used by Enlightenment writers in expressing their concerns about the traditional notion of revelation. |
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| A movement which places emphasis on the subjectivity of individual existence, and the way in which this is affected by one's environment. |
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| A movement, notably associated with 19th century Germany, which stressed the continuity between religion and culture, flourishing between the time of Schleiermacher and Tillich. |
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| A form of American Protestant Christianity, which lays especial emphasis upon the authority of an inerrant Bible, and is noted for its tendency to reject critical biblical scholarship and to withdraw from society as a whole. |
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| A theological program, by Tillich, who understood the task of modern theology to be to establish a conversation between human culture and Christian faith. |
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| A movement which fostered a positive attitude towards radical biblical criticism, and stressed the ethical, rather than the more theological, dimensions of faith. |
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| This theologian suggested that there was a radical discontinuity between Jesus and the church. He also pushed for the role and validity of biblical criticism in interpreting the Gospels. He reconstructed Jesus as "the reflection of a Liberal Protestant face, seen at the bottom of a deep well." |
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| A Modern Churchmen's Union member, who argued that Abelard's theory of atonement was more acceptable to modern thought forms than traditional theories of substitutionary sacrifice. This meant that he interpreted Christ's death virtually exclusively as a demonstration of the love of God. |
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| A term used to refer to the early views of the Swiss theologian Karl Barth, which emphasized the "contradiction between God and humanity". |
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| Theology of the Word of God |
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| A term used by Karl Barth to explain that theology is a discipline that seeks to keep the proclamation of the church faithful to its foundation, Christ. It is not a response to the human situation or to human questions; it is a response to the Word of God. |
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| Ressourcement or "la nouvelle theologie" |
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| A return to the sources, traditions, and creeds of the early church. |
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| A Jesuit writer who wanted to equip the church to confront the challenges of the modern age by rediscovering the riches of the church's 2000 years of history and returning to the very fountainhead of Christian theology. |
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| An emphasis from Yves Congar on the pastoral orientation of theology, and the need for theology to connect with the situation of ordinary people. |
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