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Chapter 5
Bones
50
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/28/2020

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Term
Sutural Bones
Definition
(Wormian bones) small, flat, irregularly shaped bones between the flat bones of the skull.
Term
Irregular Bones
Definition
have complex shapes
Term
Short Bones
Definition
are small and boxy, with approximately equal demensions
Term
Flat Bones
Definition
have a thin, flattened shape.
Term
Long Bones
Definition
are elongated and consist of a shaft (diaphysis) with two ends (epiphyses) that are wider than the shaft.
Term
Sesamoid Bones
Definition
are small, flat, and shaped somewhat like a sesame seed. Except for the patellae (kneecap).
Term
Bone Markings
Definition
Depressions, grooves, and tunnels in the bone are sites where blood vessels or nerves lie alongside or penetrate the bone.
Term
Process
Definition
Projection or bump
Term
Ramus
Definition
Extension of a bone that forms an angle with the rest of the structure.
Term
Sinus
Definition
Chamber within a bone, normally filled with air.
Term
Foramen
Definition
Rounded passageway for a blood vessels and/or nerves.
Term
Fissure
Definition
Deep furrow, cleft, or slit.
Term
Meatus
Definition
Passage or channel, especially the opening of a canal.
Term
Canal
Definition
Duct or channel
Term
Trochanter
Definition
Large, rough, projection
Term
Crest
Definition
Prominent ridge
Term
Spine
Definition
Pointed process
Term
Line
Definition
Low ridge
Term
Tubercle
Definition
Small, rounded projection
Term
Tuberosity
Definition
Rough projection
Term
Sulcus
Definition
Narrow groove
Term
Fossa
Definition
Shallow depression
Term
Head
Definition
Expanded articular end of an epiphysis, often separated from the shaft by a narrower neck
Term
Neck
Definition
Narrow connection between the epiphysis and diaphysis
Term
Facet
Definition
Small, flat articular surface
Term
Condyle
Definition
Smooth, rounded articular process
Term
Trochlea
Definition
Smooth, grooved articular process shaped like a pulley
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
Extended tubular shaft
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
an extended area located at each end of the diaphysis.
Term
Metaphysis
Definition
The diaphysis is connected to each epiphysis at a narrow zone known as the Metaphysis.
Term
Compact Bone
Definition
or dense bone, relatively solid and forms a sturdy protective layer
Term
Medullary Cavity
Definition
sturdy protective layer that surrounds a central space
Term
Spongy Bone
Definition
Also called cancellous or trabecular bone, consist of an open network of struts and plates that resembles latticework.
Term
Hydroxyapatite
Definition
calcium and phosphate interactions with calcium hydroxide, form crystals
Term
Osteocytes
Definition
are mature bone cells that make up most of the cells population.
Term
lacuna
Definition
a pocket sandwiched between layers of matrix
Term
Lamellae
Definition
are the layers in a lacuna.
Term
canaliculi
Definition
Narrow passageways that penetrate the lamellae, radiating through the matrix and connecting lacunae with one another and with sources of nutrients, supplied by blood vessels in the central canal.
Term
Osteoblast
Definition
Immature precursor cell
Term
Ossification or Osteogenesis
Definition
a process that produces new bone matrix
Term
Osteoid
Definition
Organic Matrix
Term
Osteogenic Cells
Definition
(mesenchymal cells) or (osteoprogenitor cells)
Term
Osteolysis
Definition
erosion process
Term
Perforating canals
Definition
(volkmann's canals) passageways that extend perpendicular to the surface.
Term
Trabeculae
Definition
meshwork of supporting bundle fibers in the matrix
Term
Red Bone Marrow
Definition
forms blood cells
Term
Yellow Bone Marrow
Definition
Adipose tissue important as an energy reserve.
Term
Periosteum
Definition
A membrane with a fibrous outer layer and a cellular inner layer.
Term
Endosteum
Definition
an incomplete cellular layer, lines the medullary cavity.
Term
Calcification
Definition
the deposition of calcium salts.
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