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| Eighty bones segregated into 3 regions. Skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax. |
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Body's most complex bony structure
Formed by the cranium and facial bones |
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| Protects the brain and is the site of attachment for head and neck muscles |
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Definition
Supply the framework of the face, the sense organs, and the teeth
Provide openings for the passage of air and food
Anchor the facial muscles of expression |
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Definition
Eight Cranial Bones: two parietal, two temporal, frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid.
Cranial bones are thin and remarkably strong for their weight |
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Definition
Forms the anterior portion of the cranium
Articulates posteriorly the parietal bones via the coronal suture
Major markings include the supraorbital margins, the anterior cranial fossa, and the frontal sinuses (internal and lateral to the glabella) |
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| Form most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull. |
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Definition
Coronal Suture: articulation between parietal bones and frontal bone anteriorly
Sagittal Suture-where right and left parietal bones meet superiorly
Lambdoid suture, where parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly
Squamosal (squamos) suture: where pareital and temporal bones meet |
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Definition
| Forms most of skull's posterior wall and base |
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Definition
Form the inferolateral aspects of the skull and parts of the cranial floor
Major markings include the zygomatic, styloid, and mastoid processes, and the mandibular and the middle cranial fossae |
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Definition
Squamos, tympanic, mastoid, and petrous.
Squamos abuts squamous suture, contains zygomatic process
Tympanic region: eardrum area
Mostiod region: posterior to tympanic region
Petrous region: Contributes to the cranial base |
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| Temporal Bones: Major openings |
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Definition
Stylomastoid
Jugular foramina
External and internal auditory meatuses
Carotid canal |
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Definition
Butterfly shaped bone, spans the width of the middle cranial fossa
Forms the central wedge that articualtes with all other cranial bones
Consists of a central body, greater wings, lesser wings, and pterygoid processes |
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| Sphenoid bone: Major Markings |
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Definition
Sella turcica
Hypophyseal fossa
Pterygoid processes |
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| Sphenoid Bone: Major openings |
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Definition
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Optic Canals
Superior orbital fissure |
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Definition
| Most deep of the skull bones; lies between the sphenoid and nasal bones. Forms most of the bony area between the nasal cavity and the orbits. |
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| Ethmoid bone: Major markings |
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Definition
Cribiform plate
Crista galli
Perpendicular plate
Nasal conchae
Ethmoid sinuses |
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Definition
| Fourteen Bones of which only the mandible and vomer are unpaired. |
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| Facial Bones: Paired vs Unpaired |
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Definition
Paired: Maxillae, zygomatics, nasals, lacrimals, palatines, inferior conchae
Unpaired: Mandible and vomer |
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| Lower jawbone. largest and strongest bone of the face |
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Coronoid process
Mandibular condyle
alveloar margin
mandibular foramen
mental foramen |
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| Maxillary Bones: General Info |
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Definition
| Medially fused bones that make up the upper jaw and the central portion of the facial skeleton. Facial keystone bones that articulate with all other facial bones except the mandible |
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| Maxillary bones: Major Markings |
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Definition
Palatine process
Frontal process
Zygomatic process
Alveolar margins
Inferior orbital fissure
Maxillary sinuses |
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| Cheekbones. Form the prominences of the cheek and the inferolateral margins of the orbits |
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| thin medially fused bones that form the bride of the nose |
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| contribute to the medial walls of the orbit and contain a deep grove called the lacrimal fossa that houses the lacrimal sac |
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| two bone plates that form portions of the hard palate, the posterolateral walls of the nasal cavity, and a small part of the orbits |
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| plow-shaped bone that forms part of the nasal septum |
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| paired, curved bones in the nasal cavity that form part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity |
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| Bony cavities which the eyes are ncased and cushioned by fatty tissue |
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Definition
| Formed by parts of 7 bones. Frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilla, palatine, lacrimal, and ethmoid |
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