Term
| 4 aspects of the Axial Skeleton |
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Definition
1. Skull Bones
2. Vertebral Column
3. Ribs
4. Sternum |
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Term
| 2 aspects of the Appendicular Skeleton |
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Definition
1. Upper Limbs
2. Lower Limbs |
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Term
| The Skeleton consists of 4 things |
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Definition
| bones, cartilage, joints, and ligaments |
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Term
the skeleton is composed of ___ named bones grouped into two divisions
Axial skeleton (__ bones)
Appendicular skeleton (__ bones) |
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Definition
the skeleton is composed of 206 named bones grouped into two divisions
Axial skeleton (80 bones)
Appendicular skeleton (126 bones) |
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Term
| The Axial Skeleton consists of: |
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Definition
| skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax |
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Term
| three types of bone markings |
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Definition
1. Projections that provide attachment for muscles and ligaments
2. Projections that help form joints
3. Depressions and openings for passage of nerves and blood vessels |
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Term
| Projections that are the sites of muscle and ligament attachment: 7 types |
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Definition
1. Tuberosity; large rounded projection
2. Crest; narrow ridge of bone
Trochanter; very large blunt, irregularly shaped process (only on femur)
3. Line; narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than crest
4. Tubercle; small rounded projection or process
5. Epicondyle; raised area on or above a condyle
6. Spine; sharp, slender, often pointed projection
7. Process; any bone prominence |
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Term
| 3 Projections that help to form joints |
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Definition
1. Head; bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
2. Facet; smooth, nearly flat articular surface
3. Condyle; rounded articular projection |
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Term
Bone Markings:
Depressions and openings allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass--6 types |
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Definition
1. Meatus; canal-like passageway
2. Sinus; cavity within a bone filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
3. Fossa; shallow basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface
4. Groove; furrow
5. Foramen; round or oval opening through a bone
6. Notch; indentation at the edge of a structure |
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Term
The Skull:
Formed by ____ and ____ bones |
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Definition
The Skull
Formed by cranial and facial bones |
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Term
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Definition
1. Enclose brain
2. Provide attachment sites for some head and neck muscles |
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Term
| Facial bones serve to: (5) |
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Definition
1. Form framework of the face
2. Form cavities for the sense organs of sight, taste, and smell
3. Provide openings for the passage of air and food
4. Hold the teeth
5. Anchor muscles of the face |
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Term
Overview of Skull Geography
__ bones in your head--__ in your face, __ in your cranium, __ inside your ears, and __ at the top of your throat. |
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Definition
Overview of Skull Geography
29 bones in your head--14 in your face, 8 in your cranium, 6 inside your ears, and 1 at the top of your throat. |
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Term
| Facial bones form ___ aspect |
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Definition
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Term
| Cranium is divided into ____ and the ____. |
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Definition
| Cranium is divided into cranial vault and the base. |
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Term
| Internally, prominent bony ridges divide skull into distinct _____. |
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Definition
| Internally, prominent bony ridges divide skull into distinct fossae |
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Term
| The skull contains smaller cavities: name 4 |
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Definition
1. Middle and inner ear cavities – in lateral aspect of cranial base
2. Nasal cavity – lies in and posterior to the nose
3. Orbits – house the eyeballs
4. Air-filled sinuses – occur in several bones around the nasal cavity |
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Term
| The skull contains approximately 85 named openings. Name the 3 types of openings and the structures they allow to pass through them. |
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Definition
1. Foramina, canals, and fissures
2. Provide openings for important structures
*Spinal cord
*Blood vessels serving the brain
*12 pairs of cranial nerves |
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Term
Cranial Bones: Formed from eight large bones
Paired bones include (2)
Unpaired bones include (4) |
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Definition
1. Paired bones include
*Temporal bones
*Parietal bones
2. Unpaired bones include
*Frontal bone
*Occipital bone
*Sphenoid bone
*Ethmoid bone |
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Term
Sutures:
Four sutures of the cranium |
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Definition
1. Coronal suture – runs in the coronal plane --Located where parietal bones meet the frontal bone
2. Squamous suture – occurs where each parietal bone meets a temporal bone inferiorly
3. Sagittal suture – occurs where right and left parietal bones meet superiorly
4. Lambdoid suture – occurs where the parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly |
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Term
Sutural Bones
1. ____ bones that occur within sutures
2. _____ in shape, size, and location
3. ____ people have sutural bones |
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Definition
1. Small bones that occur within sutures
2. Irregular in shape, size, and location
3. Not all people have sutural bones |
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Term
Occipital Bone:
Forms the _____ portion of the cranium and cranial ____.
Articulates with the _____ bones and ____ bones
Forms the posterior cranial ____
Foramen ____ located at its base |
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Definition
Occipital Bone
Forms the posterior portion of the cranium and cranial base
Articulates with the temporal bones and parietal bones
Forms the posterior cranial fossa
Foramen magnum located at its base |
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Term
Frontal Bones
1. Forms the ____ and roofs of the ____
2. Forms ____ arches
3. Internally, it contributes to the ___ cranial fossa
4. Contains ____ sinuses |
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Definition
Frontal Bones
1. Forms the forehead and roofs of the orbits
2. Forms superciliary arches
3. Internally, it contributes to the anterior cranial fossa
4. Contains frontal sinuses |
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Term
Occipital Bone
Features and structures |
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Definition
1. Occipital condyles
2. Hypoglossal foramen
3. External occipital protuberance
4. Superior nuchal lines
5. Inferior nuchal lines |
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Term
Temporal Bones:
Lie _____ to parietal bones
Form the _____ portion of the skull
Term “temporal” comes from Latin word for ___
4 regions |
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Definition
Lie inferior to parietal bones
Form the inferolateral portion of the skull
Term “temporal” comes from Latin word for time
Specific regions of temporal bone
Squamous (by parietal), tympanic (ear), petrous (cranial base), and mastoid regions (just poserior to the ear) |
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Term
The Hyoid Bone
1. Lies inferior to the _____
2. The only bone with __________ with any other bone
3. Acts as a ______ for the tongue |
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Definition
The Hyoid Bone
1. Lies inferior to the mandible
2. The only bone with no direct articulation with any other bone
3. Acts as a movable base for the tongue |
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