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Joey watches his older brother getting yelled at for finger painting on the kitchen wall. Research suggests that Joey will probably not copy his brother's behavior. The best term for this process is:
A) negative reinforcement
B) punishment
C) counter-imitation
D) observation
E) concrete operations |
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Dick expects his son to obey him without question; he also expects him to work hard, respect his elders, and stay out of trouble. Although he loves his son, he doesn't often show it. Of the 4 parenting types in the text, Dick is:
A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Permissive
D) Indifferent |
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Which parenting style might be best described as low in warmth and high in control? (Based on the idea that warmth and control are the main dimensions of parental control.)
A) Authoritarian
B) Authoritative
C) Permissive
D) Uninvolved |
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Children of permissive parents tend to have which of these problems:
A) Aggressive, bad grades in school.
B) Suffers from low self-esteem, tends to be aggressive.
C) Impulsive, with poor impulse control; not good at overcoming obstacles; |
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The authors of the text book clearly prefer which parenting style?
A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) permissive
D) indifferent |
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Which adopted child is more likely to have problems?
A) Chin, adopted from China as an infant who was in an orphanage.
B) Mary, adopted at age 8, after growing up in an orphanage
C) Joey, black child adopted by white parents, in infancy
D) Chuck, adopted at age 2, with some moderate health problems |
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Only one of the following has been proven to be true of children with no siblings. Which one?
A) They tend to be spoiled brats with little respect for discipline
B) They tend to be bossy, self-absorbed, and impatient, which makes it hard to keep friends.
C) They are more successful in school than children with siblings, and they often have higher levels of intelligence, leadership, and maturity.
D) They are less resiliant, or less able to adjust to life's frustrations |
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Marcia (age 8) has parents who call her an idiot, tell her she's too clumsy for sports, and embarrass her in front of friends. As a friend or neighbor of the family, which opinion on your part is the most accurate?
A) I wish they wouldn't do that, but it's not really abuse as long as I don't see bruises.
B) That's how my parents treated me, and I turned out all right, so I'm not going to worry about it.
C) Marcia is suffering from emotional abuse.
D) Marcia is suffering from neglect.
E) It looks harsh, but Marcia's parents are trying to prepare her for a difficult world. |
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The most frequent form of child abuse is:
A) physical abuse
B) sexual abuse
C) emotional abuse
D) neglect |
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We hear that parents who were abused as children often become abusers. How true is this?
A) Not true at all -- there has been a lot of research, but no correlation has been found.
B) Somewhat true -- about 30% of abusive parents have histories of abuse themselves
C) Strongly true. About 80% of abusive parents were abused.
D) Unknown -- the research so far has been inconclusive. |
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In a group of six year old boys, who is most likely to be the leader?
A) The smartest
B) The physically strongest
C) The most creative and adventurous
D) The funniest
E) The one with the rich parents, who let the kids play video games, very lightly supervised, in their beautiful house. |
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Rick is very aggressive on the football field, and often overdoes it, for example tackling opponents much harder than he needs to. He has sent a couple of guys to the hospital. His reputation on the field makes other players fear him. But he's generally a nice guy off the field, and there are no reports of excessive aggression, except on the field. What would be the most accurate description?
A) Hostile aggression -- he just likes to hurt people.
B) Instrumental aggression -- he feels that he plays hard to win, sees nothing wrong with it.
C) Relational aggression -- he only hurts people he cares about. |
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If a child exhibits "ego-resilience," that means he or she _________
A) is stubborn
B) is able to respond resourcefully to a new and challenging situation
C) is impulsive and often in trouble
D) is a leader in his or her peer group
E) has supportive parents |
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The book identifies several problems more likely to arise in the life of people who suffered child abuse. Choose all that are supported by research.
A) Suicide attempts
B) Disruptive behavior, for example in school
C) High academic performance
D) More likely to abuse their spouses
E) depression
F) good leadership skills |
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Which is the most effective way for parents to reduce the effects of divorce on a child?
A) Explain what the other parent did wrong and why they should be on your side.
B) Get the child to mediate disputes between the parents.
C) Explain to the child what's happening and why -- without being overly critical of the other parent.
D) Keep the child away from the other parent as much as possible, to avoid confusion. |
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Olivia was divorced three years ago and has custody of her two pre-adolescent children, a boy and a girl. She now has plans to remarry. Who is likeliest to have the most difficult time adjusting to the new family?
A) Olivia
B) The new husband
C) Her son
D) Her daughter |
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If you could do one thing to eliminate child abuse, the most effective would be__________
A) Have the government intervene more in child abuse cases. (More social workers, home visits, laws about reporting, abuse hotlines, etc.)
B) Have the government intervene less in child abuse cases. (Because families know best.)
C) Eliminate poverty.
D) Strongly discourage divorce, and make a divorce harder to obtain.
E) Give women more rights within the family.
F) Put abusing parents in jail. |
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In a group based on a dominance hierarchy, which would you expect to find?
A) Shared leadership
B) A single leader
C) All members having equal status
D) Lots of internal conflict, power struggles
E) No identifiable leader, more often group consensus |
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June is a "neglected child." By definition, this means she will be ________ by her peers.
A) bullied
B) ignored
C) disliked
D) rejected
E) mocked |
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Randy, age 7, exhibits a lot of hostile aggression toward his peers. What will he probably be like in high school?
A) Less aggressive than his same age peers
B) More aggressive than his same age peers
C) About like everyone else around him
D) Showing more instrumental aggression, but not more hostile aggression than his peers. |
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According to the textbook, which has summarized the very extensive research, which one is true about TV violence and children?
A) It has no effect
B) It has an effect, but only on kids who already have psychological disorders.
C) In general, it desensitizes them and makes them more aggressive -- especially boys who watch a lot of violence.
D) It's not the violence that causes problems, is the TV medium itself, which causes short attention spans, etc. |
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When a five year old sees a toy car moving around in a commercial, the child will probably think, which of these?
A) This car moves on its own, for real.
B) They just want to sell me something.
C) The answer to this question depends on the child's IQ. |
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Which five year old probably has the largest vocabulary and is the best reader?
A) Gary, who watches 2 or 3 hours of TV every day, choosing whatever he wants.
B) Edgar, who hardly ever watches TV, by his own choice.
C) Mario, who has no TV at home.
D) Frank, who has watched many hours of Sesame Street. |
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Does the evidence show that watching TV in itself is bad for kids? (In other words, does it show that the problem is the TV medium, not the content of programs?)
A) Yes -- studies show it causes short attention spans.
B) Yes -- studies show heavy TV viewers lack imagination and creativity.
C) Yes -- Heavy TV watchers tend to be lazy uncritical thinkers.
D) No, actually. Although all these claims are often made, there is little actual evidence for any of them. |
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What does the majority of the evidence suggest about how children form prejudices?
A) Their parents teach them to be prejudiced.
B) Children naturally sort things into categories, and they naturally identify with their own groups if group membership seems important to adults.
C) They begin with bad experiences from interacting with others, and through a process of generalization these become prejudices. |
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Selman's "stages of perspective taking" suggest that children become "self-reflective" around what age? (Meaning they can view themselves as others do.)
A) Age 3-6
B) Age 4-9
C) Age 7-12
D) Age 10-15
E) Age 14 and up |
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