Term
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Definition
Frontal lob - Voluntary muscle action, emotions, judgments, planning of movement, motor aspects of speech - Broca's area
Parietal lobe - Sensation, proprioception, pain and temperature.
Temporal lobe - processes auditory stimuli, receives, language comprehension (Wernicke's area)
Occipital lobe - processess visual stimuli receives it.
Insula - Visceral functions
Limbic systom - instincts, emotions, preservation, feeding, aggression, sexual response, Basal Ganglia - sensory motor and motor plans. |
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Term
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Definition
8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, a few coccygeal segments
Ascending Fiber systems (Sensory Pathways)
Descending fiber systems (motor pathways)
ANS Autonomic Nervous system |
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Term
| Dorsal Colums / Medial lemniscal System |
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Definition
Conveys proprioception, vibration, tactile discrimination
Fasciculus Cuneatus, Fasciculus Gracilis, Medulla and cross (at lemniscal decussation, Medial lemniscus, thalamus, and somatosensory cortex. |
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Term
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Definition
| Convey pain and temperature and crude touch, Lateral and anterior tract to Lissauer's tract, synapse and cross in spinal cord to opposite side and then to ventrolateral spinothalamic system |
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Term
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Definition
Convey proprioception from muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs, touch pressure receptors to cerebellum for volundary movements
Ascents to ipsilateral inferior and superior cerebellar peduncle |
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Term
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Definition
| Convey deep and chronic pain to reticular formation of brain stem via polysynaptic pathways |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary motor cortex, brain stem, cross in medulla, lateral corticopinal and 10% go to anterior tract for voluntary motor control. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vestibular nucleus to lateral and medial tracts for muscle tone antigravity muscles and postural reflexes |
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Term
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Definition
| Contralateral red nucleus, descends lateral white colums assists in motor function |
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Term
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Definition
| Reticular formation, modifies transmission of pain, sensation and the ventral part influences gamma motor neurons and spinal reflexes |
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Term
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Definition
| Arises from superior colliculus and descends to ventral gray, head turning and visual stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
Smooth muscle, heart, glands,
Sympathetic - fight or flight
Parasympathetic - slows heart, reduces blood pressure
Autonomic - cardiac, pulmonary, pelvi, hypogastric |
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Term
| Lower motor neuron system |
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Definition
Cell bodies in anterior horn, spinal nerves. The cranial nerve fibers that travel to target muscles
Symptoms of a lesion is flaccidity, decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes, atrophy. |
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Term
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Definition
Any nerve cell body or fiber in spinal cord EXCEPT anterior horn. Affecting motor function and descending tracts, cranial nerve nuclei
Symptoms are deep tendon reflexes, spasticity, clonus, primitive reflexes, babinski's sign, autonomic dysreflexia, flaccidity may occur at level of lesion |
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Term
| Function of neuronal signalng |
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Definition
Neuroglia maintain K+ levels and re-uptake of neurotransmitters
Positive on outside of resting membrane and negative on inside (-70)
Action Potential - increased Na+ into cell with outflow of K+ results inside to be +35. then Depolarization
Conduction happens
Repolarization results from K+ channels
Action potential jumps from axons and nodes of Ranvier. |
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
Lower motor neurons
Motor fibers from cranial or spinal nerves
Sensory fibers outside brain stem or spinal cord with cranial and spinal nerves
ANS |
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Term
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Definition
Involuntary responses - dependent upon neural pathway (reflex arc)
Stretch (myotatic reflexes - muscle stretch, muscle tone, support agonist contraction, DTR, inhibits antagonist
Inverse stretch reflex - muscle contraction
Gamma reflex loop - allows muscle tension, w/ descending pathways
Flexor (w/d) reflex - sensory stimuli, protective withdrawal
Crossed extension reflex - allows for walking. |
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Term
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Definition
TIA - brief interruption of blood supply, numbness/weakness, warning signs
Cerebral infarction - embolisim, thrombosis of intra-extra-cranial arteries
Cerebral hemorrhage - bleed from HTN or aneurysm
Cerebral arteriovenous malformation - abnormal dilated blook vessels.
Risks - HTN, cardiac disease, AFIB, Dibetes, smoking, alcohol abuse, hyperlipidemia, age, males, african, latino, heredity |
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Term
Middle cerebral artery (MCA) &
Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) |
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Definition
| Contralateral hemiplegia, hemianesthesia, hommonymous hemianopsia, aphasia, apraxia |
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Term
| Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) |
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Definition
| Contralateral hemiplegia, grasp reflex, incontinence, confusion, apathy, mutism. |
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Term
| Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) |
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Definition
| Homonymous hemianopsia, thalamic pain, hemisensory loss and or alexia |
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Term
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Definition
| Dysarthria, dysphagia, emotional instability, tetraplegia. |
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Term
Scoring of Glascow Coma Scale
eye response
verbal response
motor response |
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Definition
Score of 1
No eye opening, no verbal or motor response
Score of 2
Eyes opening to pain, moaning, extension to pain (decerebrate response)
Score of 3
Eyes open to speech, inapproriate wrds (random) flexion to pain (decorticate)
Score of 4
Eyes open spontaneously
Confused (responds to questions)withdraws from pain
Score of 5
Oriented responds appropriate, knows name, location, year, etc. Localizes pain
Score of 6 Obeys commands. |
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Term
| GCS of 15 total of all 3 sections |
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Definition
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Term
| GCS of 3 total of all 3 sections |
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Definition
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Term
| GCS less than 8 total of all 3 sections |
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Definition
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Term
| GCS between 9-12 total of all 3 sections |
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Definition
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Term
| GCS greater than 13 total of all 3 sections |
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Definition
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Term
| SCI - ASIA Impairment Scale |
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Definition
A - Complete - no sensory or motor in sacral segments
B- incomplete - Sensory is preserved below neurological level thru sacral but no motor function.
C - Incomplete - motor function is preserved below level w/ muscle grade less than 3/5.
D - incomplete motor is preserved below level with muscle more than 3/5.
E - normal |
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Term
| SCI Symptoms and Complications |
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Definition
| spinal shock, sensory deficity, bowel/bladder, temperature, respiratory, sexual, muscle tone, motor function |
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Term
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Definition
| Respiratory, decubitus, orthostatic hypertension, DVT, autonomic dysreflexia, high blood pressure, irritants for bowel and bladder, skin irritants, sexual irritants, heterotopic osssification, thrombus formation. |
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Term
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Definition
usually detected by 12 months
could have hypotonia, spasticity, primitive reflexes, hyperresponsive reflexes, tone, assymetry, feeding, cognitive, speech, language, intellectual, seizures, visual impairments. |
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Term
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Definition
Tremors - resting or action, rhythmic alternating movements
Dyskinesias - involuntary non-repetitive movements
Myoclonus - brief and rapid contraction of a muscle
Tics - Rapid involuntary movement tend to be repetitive
Chorea - Brief purposeless involuntary movements of extremities and face
Dystonia - Sustained abnormal postures
Ataxia - Lack of coordination while performing voluntary movements |
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Term
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Definition
hypokinetic CNS degenerative.
Stages 1 - tremor, rigidity, akinesia
Stage 2 - bilateral tremors, rigidity, akinesia
Stage 3 - impaired righting reflexes, disability with ADL
Stage 4 - needs help unable to live alone, able to walk and stand alone
Stage 5 - confined to a w/c |
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Term
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Definition
occulta - bony malformation or occult dysraphism. slight impairments with gait bowel or blatter, spinal cord might be tethered
cystic - exposed pouch
With meningocele - protrusion of sac through spine - usually no symptoms because spinal cord is not entrapped, same as above
With Myelomeningocele- Protrusion of sac through spine but includes spinal cord and/or nerve roots. Sensory and motor deficits, bowel and bladder problems. |
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Term
| Evaluation of Neurological systems |
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Definition
Determine sensory and motor weakness dysfunction and strengths
Determine cognitive perceptual dysfunction and strengths
Determine psychosocial dysfunction and strengths
Evaluate occupational performance
Evaluate performance context evaluations |
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Term
| Intervention for Neurological systems |
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Definition
Positioning
Postural control
Motor learning approaches
Motor control retraining
ADL training
Assistive devices
Splinting
Family caregiver education
Cognitive-perceptual retraining/compensation
Visual skills
Sexual dysfunction
Bowel and bladder training
Skin care ed
DME
Sensory
Coping
Community
Work hardening
Educational |
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Term
| Assessment of chronic Pain |
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Definition
History
Localization
nature of
Irritiating stimuli
Pain intensity scales
Physical exam, muscle guarding
Postural stress syndrom
Movement adaptation syndrom
Autonomic changes
Abnormal movements
Degree of suffering
Functional changes
Consequences of pain, behavior, and secondary gains
Depression, anxiety
Prescription drug misue
Dependence health care
Responsiveness to interventions
Determine motivational/affective components. |
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Term
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Definition
Identify and respond to pain behaviors
Remove behavioral reinforcers,
establish behavior contract,
provide positive reinforcers
allow experience success
practice well behaviors
teach coping, stress, relaxation training (yoga, biofeedback)
refer to other professionals
establish daily activity program
provide family education |
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Term
| Sensory Processing Disorders |
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Definition
Sensory Modulation Disorder - Sensory overresponsivity, underresponsivity or seeking
Sensory based motor disorder - Dyspraxia and postural disorders
Sensory discrimination Disorder (Visual, auditory, tactile, vestibular, proprioceptive, taste/smell |
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Term
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Definition
Remove dangerous object
Protect individual without moving them
Help them to the floor,
Turn to side,
Do not put anything between teeth,
may stop breating momentarily
if continues start CPR
Allow individual to sleep, call physican, parents, contact person, observe symptoms of groggy, confused, or weakness
OT: assess and intervene for developmental delays
Observe all medical and safety precautions
Document and report any seizure actiity, medication side effects |
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Term
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Definition
Movement and sensory processing of right side of body
visual reception
visual verbal processing
bilateral motor praxis
verbal memory
bilateral auditory reception
speech
processing of verbal auditory information |
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Term
| Right Hemisphere function |
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Definition
Movement and sensory processing from left side of body
visual reception
visual spatial
motor praxis
nonverbal memory
attention to incoming stimuli
emotion
processing of nonverbal info
interpretation of abstract and tonal information |
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Term
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Definition
| no response: total assistance |
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Term
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Definition
| Generalized response: total assistance |
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Term
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Definition
| Localized response: total assistance |
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Term
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Definition
| Confused / Agitated: Maximum assistance |
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Term
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Definition
| Confused, Inappropriate: Max A |
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Term
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Definition
| Confused, Appropriate: Mod A |
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Term
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Definition
| Automatic, Appropriate: Minimal Assistance for Daily living skills |
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Term
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Definition
| Purposeful, Appropriate: Stand by assistance |
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Term
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Definition
| Purposeful, Appropriate :Stand by on request |
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Term
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Definition
| Purposeful, Appropriate : Mod. I |
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