Term
|
Definition
| The smallest unit of sound that affects the meaning of speech. The English language consists of 53 phonemes. By changing the beginning phoneme, the word "hat" becomes "cat." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The smallest unit of language that has meaning. A word can be one morpheme but morphemes are also roots, stems, prefixes, and suffixes. When speaking of more than one bat, we add the morpheme "s." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of meaning in language. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The set of rules that determine how words are combined to make phrases and sentences. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of how sounds are put together to make words. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Includes the social aspects of language, including politeness, conversational interactions, and conversational rules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of the psychological mechanisms related to the acquisition and use of language. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The linguist who argued humans are prepared at birth to acquire language. He argued that the human brain is pre-wired with a "language acquisition device."
He distinguished between a sentence's surface structure (the words actually spoken) and its deep structure (its underlying meaning). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first stage of language development. This stage begins with reflexive, spontaneous sounds that elicit caregivers’ vocalizations. The caregiver’s response reinforces the baby’s cooing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The second stage of language development. These vocalizations elicit responses from others in the infant’s environment which in turn reinforce the child’s babbling.
The sounds produced during the babbling stage will be shaped into the baby’s first words |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The term for a word that stands for a sentence or more in the early speech of children. A one-word utterance, “Up” may mean “Grandma, please pick me up!”
So the word could be interpreted to mean an entire phrase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The term for the abbreviated speech of young children in which two or three word combinations stand in place of complex sentences. In this way the speech is economical. This speech contains the content words necessary to convey meaning, similar to a telegram. |
|
|
Term
Semantic overextension
(overgeneralization) |
|
Definition
This is the term for applying a category label, “ball” to things that are not members of the category, but share some similar characteristics, globe
Ex. A child who calls ALL four-legged, furry animals (cats, dogs, etc.) "doggie". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The process that Susan Carey suggested is used during the rapid vocabulary growth of the second year children will connect a word to an underlying meaning after only a brief encounter
Children from 18-20 months of age are in the two-word stage of language development because they are now making short, two-word sentences (e.g., "More milk," "Where ball?").
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
This is the term for applying syntactic rules as if there were no exceptions to these rules.
For example, children (by age 4-5) may say “Goed” instead of “went” because they are applying the rule that says “To make a verb past tense, add -ed." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A technique observed in caregivers in which the caregiver responds to a child’s vocalization by repeating it in a more complex and advanced way
If a child says "Mommy up," mother might reply "Oh, you want me to pick you up.". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A technique observed in caregivers in which the caregiver repeats a child’s verbalization after correcting the child’s mistakes.
If a child says "He goed," mother might reply "Yes, he went home." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An approach to language development that argues humans are innately predisposed to acquire a language - so children are somehow biologically programmed to learn language. |
|
|
Term
| language acquisition device |
|
Definition
| The term Noam Chomsky used for how the human brain is pre-wired for language. Chomsky believes that this device gives children an innate ability to process speech and to understand both the fundamental relationships among words and the regularities of speech. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An approach to language development that argues humans are born with a tabula rasa or blank slate and learn language through experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Being fluent in two languages |
|
|
Term
| transformational grammar theory |
|
Definition
| When we hear a spoken sentence, we do not retain the surface structure, but instead transform it into its deep structure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It is speech that contains nouns and active verbs. Pronouns, adjectives, conjunctions, and past tenses are usually absent. The sentences are enunciated clearly, often in a high-pitched voice. Many researchers believe that motherese helps children learn language. |
|
|
Term
| Sensitive period for language development |
|
Definition
| would support the nativist view. It ends at or around puberty |
|
|
