Term
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Definition
| Grouping organisms based on similarities in structure and evolutionary relationships. |
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Term
| why is classifocation so important? |
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Definition
-In order to more easily study the diversity of organisms
-Scientists name & group organisms based on similarities and differences |
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Term
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Definition
| Taxonomy is the branch of biology that classifies and names organisms |
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Term
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Definition
-Organized into two groups
-plant & animal
-developed by Aristotle
-Invention of the microscope led to a major change in this system
-Naming involved description of characteristics
-E.g. “oak with deeply divided leaves that have no hairs on their undersides and no teeth around their edges” was the scientific name for an species of tree |
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Term
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Definition
-Two-word naming system
-Developed by Carolus Linnaeus
-Each species is assigned a unique two-word scientific name (Genus speices)
-E.g. Homo sapiens |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why not use common names? |
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Definition
-Misleading
starfish
dragonfly
-Confusing
blue jay, blue coat, corn thief
dog, perro, chien |
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Term
| Modern System of Classification |
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Definition
-Contains seven levels
-A level is called a taxon
-The smallest taxon (species) contains only one type of organism
-The largest taxon (kingdom) contains many organisms with similar characteristics |
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Term
| What information do we use to classify? |
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Definition
-Structural
-Skeletal structure, leaf anatomy, etc.
-Biochemical
-DNA, RNA, proteins
-Cytological
-Cell type & structure |
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Term
| What information do we use to classify? |
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Definition
-Embryological
-Embryo similarities
-Behavioral
-Mating class & other behaviors
-Fossil
-Finds relationships between current & extinct species |
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Term
| Evolutionary Classification |
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Definition
-Scientists now group organisms into categories that represent their evolutionary decent (phylogeny)
-Like a family tree |
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Term
| Evolutionary Classification |
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Definition
-Cladograms are used to show evolutionary relationships
-Look at derived characteristics – ones that appear in more recent groups and not older groups. |
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Term
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Definition
-Taxonomic key used to identify organisms
-Series of paired statements that describe alternative possible characteristics of an organism |
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Term
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Definition
-Prokaryotic
-Unicellular
-Autotrophic or heterotrophic
-Asexual reproduction
-Most can move
-Cells walls lack peptidoglycan
-Live in extreme environments
-E.g. methanogens, halophiles |
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Term
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Definition
-Prokaryotic
-Unicellular
-Autotrophic or heterotrophic
-Asexual reproduction
-Most can move
-Cell walls with peptidoglycan
-E.g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus, Rhizobium, |
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Term
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Definition
-Eukaryotic
-Mostly unicellular, some multicellular
-Autotrophic or heterotrophic
-Asexual reproduction
-Most can move
-E.g. paramecium, euglena, amoeba, algae, diatoms |
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Term
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Definition
-Eukaryotic
-Some unicellular, most multicellular
-Heterotrophic (absorption)
-Asexual & sexual reproduction
-Cannot move
-Cell wall of chitin
-E.g. yeast, molds, mushrooms |
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Term
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Definition
-Eukaryotic
-Multicellular
-Autotrophic
-Asexual & sexual reproduction
-Cannot move
-Cell wall made of cellulose
-E.g. mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms |
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Term
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Definition
-Eukaryotic
-Multicellular
-Heterotrophic
-Asexual & sexual reproduction
-All can move
-No cell wall
-E.g. sponges, worms, snails, insects, mammals |
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Term
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Definition
-Not classified in a kingdom
-Contain genetic material and a protein coat
-No cell structures
-Reproduction is their only life function
-Must have a host to reproduce
-Viruses invade host cell, take over and produce more viruses. Then they lyse (burst) the host cell to release the new viruses so they can infect new cells
-E.g. AIDS, flu, colds, rabies, Ebola, bacteriophage |
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