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Chapter 8
Cardiovascular System
55
Pathology
Not Applicable
11/13/2014

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Term
2-D echocardiography
Definition
Term
Adventita
Definition
outermost connective tissue covering of an organ, vessel, or other structure
Term
Aneurysm
Definition
abnormal widening or ballooning of a portion of an artery due to weakness in the wall of the blood vessel.
Term
Arteries
Definition
blood vessels that deliver oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the tissues of the body
Term
Atherosclerosis
Definition
Hardening of the arteries
Term
Atrial septal defects
Definition
Hole in the wall between the two upper chambers of your heart. The condition is present from birth (congenital).
Term
Capillaries
Definition
smallest of the blood vessels and serve as the connection between the arterial and venal systems of the cardiac system
Term
Cardiomegaly
Definition
enlarged heart
Term
Coarctation of the aorta
Definition
narrowing of part of the aorta; birth defect
Term
Congestive heart failure
Definition
Heart failure is a condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to the rest of the body.
Term
Cor pulmonale
Definition
failure of the right side of the heart brought on by long-term high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries and right ventricle of the heart.
Term
Coronary artery disease
Definition
narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart
Term
Diastole
Definition
is the period phase of time when the heart refills with blood following systole (contraction)
Term
Dissecting aneurysm
Definition
inner layer of the aorta, the large blood vessel branching off the heart, tears
Term
Doppler echocardiography
Definition
procedure that uses ultrasound technology to examine the heart or blood vessels.
Term
Ductus arteriosus
Definition
a blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta
Term
Embolization
Definition
selective occlusion of blood vessels by purposely introducing emboli, in other words deliberately blocking a blood vessel- interventional
Term
Endocardium
Definition
innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart.
Term
Epicardium
Definition
a serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart.
Term
Foramen ovale
Definition
allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium in a fetal heart
Term
Fusiform aneurysm
Definition
a localized dilation of an artery in which the entire circumference of the vessel is distended
Term
Gated cardiac blood pool scans
Definition
Term
Heart
Definition
muscular organ in humans and other animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system
Term
Infarct
Definition
a small localized area of dead tissue resulting from failure of blood supply.
Term
Intima
Definition
innermost tunica (layer) of an artery or vein
Term
Ischemia
Definition
restriction in blood supply to tissues,causing a shortage of oxygen and glucose needed for cellular metabolism (to keep tissue alive)
Term
Lumen
Definition
inside space of a tubular structure, such as an artery or intestine
Term
M-mode echocardiography
Definition
Term
Media
Definition
Term
Murmur
Definition
extra or unusual sound heard during a heartbeat.
Term
Myocardial perfusion scan
Definition
nuclear medicine procedure that illustrates the function of the heart muscle (myocardium)
Term
Myocardium
Definition
muscular tissue of the heart
Term
Patent ductus arteriosus
Definition
is a condition in which the ductus arteriosus does not close. (The word "patent" means open.) The ductus arteriosus is a blood vessel that allows blood to go around the baby's lungs before birth.
Term
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
Definition
is a minimally invasive procedure to open up blocked coronary arteries
Term
Permanent catheterization
Definition
Term
Phlebitis
Definition
inflammation of a vein
Term
Pulmonary embolus
Definition
blockage of an artery in the lungs by fat, air, a blood clot, or tumor cells.
Term
Rheumatic fever
Definition
inflammatory disease that may develop after an infection with group A Streptococcus bacteria
Term
Right and left atria
Definition
Term
Right and left ventricles
Definition
Term
Saccular aneurysm
Definition
Term
Sinoatrial node
Definition
The heart's natural pacemaker, one of the major elements in the cardiac conduction system, the system that controls the heart rate
Term
Stent
Definition
small mesh tube that's used to treat narrow or weak arteries
Term
Systole
Definition
Period of contraction of the ventricles of the heart that occurs between the first and second heart sounds
Term
Tetralogy of Fallot
Definition
Term
Thrombolysis
Definition
breakdown (lysis) of blood clots by pharmacological means, and commonly called clot busting
Term
Thrombophlebitis
Definition
swelling (inflammation) of a vein caused by a blood clot.
Term
Thrombus
Definition
blood clot, is the final product of the blood coagulation step in hemostasis
Term
Transesophageal echocardiography
Definition
Term
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent
Definition
Term
Transposition of great vessels
Definition
a heart defect that occurs from birth (congenital). The two major vessels that carry blood away from the heart -- the aorta and the pulmonary artery -- are switched (transposed).
Term
Valvular stenosis
Definition
also called heart valve disease or narrowed valve, occurs when there is blockage of one or more valves of your heart.
Term
Veins
Definition
blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart
Term
Venous thrombosis
Definition
blood clot (thrombus) that forms within a vein
Term
Ventricular septal defects
Definition
describes one or more holes in the wall that separates the right and left ventricles of the heart
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