Term
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Definition
Articulation
- a point of contact between two bones, between bone and cartilage, or between bone and teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| - joints are classified structurally based on their anatomical characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
A. Fibrous Joints: are classified functionally based on the kind of movement they permit
B. Cartilaginous Joints:
- do not have a synovial cavity and the articulating bones are connected with cartilage
C. Synovial Joints:
- a space called the Synovial Cavity lies between the articulating bones
- these are considered to be freely moveable |
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Term
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Definition
are classified functionally based on the kind of movement they permit
- do not have a synovial cavity and the articulating bones are held together with Fibrous connective tissue
- these allow little to no movement |
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Term
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Definition
- a thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue connects the bones of the skull
nt - functionally, this kind of joint is called a synarthrosis, i.e. an immovable joint (these joints tend to ossify with age to form a synostosis) |
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Term
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Definition
- a fibrous joint which has a greater distance between articulating bones than sutures and more fibrous connective tissue
- ex. the sheen of connective tissue that connects the Tibia and Fibula
nt - these joints are slightly moveable, i.e. amphiarthrosis |
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Term
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Definition
- where a cone shaped peg fits into a socket
- ex. connecting the jaw to the teeth |
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Term
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Definition
- do not have a synovial cavity and the articulating bones are connected with cartilage
- these allow little to no movement |
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Term
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Definition
- contains Hyaline Cartilage
- ex. the Epiphyseal plates |
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Term
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Definition
- a broad, flat disk of fibrocartilage connects the bones
- ex. Intervertebral Disks and Symphysis Pubis |
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Term
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Definition
- a space called the Synovial Cavity lies between the articulating bones
- these are considered to be freely moveable
nt - functionally, freely moveable joint is called a diarthrosis
- the bone ends of these joints are covered with Articular (Hyaline) Cartilage |
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Term
| other components of Synovial Joints: |
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Definition
1. Articular Capsule:
2. Synovial Fluid
3. Accessory Ligaments:
4. Meniscus = Articular disc
5. Bursae:
6. Tendon Sheaths: |
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Term
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Definition
- surrounds the synovial joint to form the Synovial Cavity
- two layers:
a. outer layer is the Fibrous Capsule, often contains Ligaments
b. inner layer is the Synovial Membrane |
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Term
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Definition
- secreted by the Synovial Membrane
- a viscous fluid that lubricates and nourishes joint surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| - some joints contain ligaments inside or outside the joint cavity |
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Term
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Definition
Articular disc
- a pad of fibrocartilage that lies between certain articulating bones
- ex. knee joint |
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Term
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Definition
- tiny, fluid filled, saclike structures around certain joints that help reduce friction caused by movement
- Bursitis = inflammation of a bursa |
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Term
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Definition
- a tube like bursae that wraps around certain tendons
- these help reduce friction where tendons pass through synovial cavities |
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Term
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Definition
| - a decrease in the angle between articulating bones |
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Term
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Definition
| - an increase in the angle between articulating bones, or to restore a body part to the Anatomical Position |
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Term
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Definition
| - a continuation of extension beyond the Anatomical Position |
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Term
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Definition
- the movement of a bone away from the midline
- the midline for the hand is the middle finger
- the midline for the foot is the second toe |
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Term
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Definition
| - movement of a bone towards the midline |
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Term
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Definition
- movement of the distal end of a body part in a circle
- requires movement in more than one plane of motion |
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Term
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Definition
| - when a bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis |
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Term
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Definition
| - the movement of the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint in which the thumb moves across the palm to touch the tips of the fingers of the same hand |
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Term
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Definition
- damage to a joint that tears ligaments, but does not dislocate bones
- can cause significant damage to surrounding tissues |
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Term
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Definition
- a displacement of a bone from a joint
- this results in the tearing of the articular capsule and adjacent tissues |
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Term
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Definition
Degenerative Joint Disease (D.J.D.)
- a degenerative disorder of synovial joints where the articular cartilage is gradually lost
- associated with the normal "wear and tear" on joints
- calcium deposits around the joint to create "spurs" |
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Term
| Rheumatoid Arthritis (R.A.) |
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Definition
- an autoimmune disorder (the body attacks its own tissues)
- this disorder usually occurs bilaterally (vs. R.A.)
- often leads to joint fusion |
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Term
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Definition
- a disorder associated with the build up of Uric Acid (a waste product of Nucleic Acid metabolism)
- as Uric Acid build up it forms crystals which are deposited in soft tissues of joints, these crystals irritate and inflame joints eroding away articulating surfaces |
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