Term
| What are the 3 types of muscle tissue |
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Definition
- Skeletal Muscle
- Cardiac Muscle
- Smooth Muscle
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Term
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Definition
| moves the body by pulling on bones of the skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
| pushes blood through the arteries and veins |
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Term
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Definition
| smooth muscle tissues push fluids and solids along the digestive tract |
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Term
| What 4 basic properties do all muscle types share? |
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Definition
- Excitability
- Contractibility
- Extensibility
- Elasticity
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Term
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Definition
| ability to respond to stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to shorten actively and exert a pull or tension |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to continue to contract over a range of resting lengths |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of a muscle to rebound toward its original length after a contraction |
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Term
| What are the functions of skeletal muscle? |
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Definition
- produce skeletal movement
- maintain posture and body position
- support soft tissues
- regulate entering and exiting of material
- maintain body temperature
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Term
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Definition
| dense irregular connective tissue, surrounds the entire skeletal muscle, saran wrap; separates the muscle from surrounding tissues and organs |
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Term
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Definition
| connective tissue fibers that divide the muscles into fascicles, groups of muscle cells |
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Term
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Definition
| reticular fibers that surrounds each skeletal muscle fiber |
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Term
| What are the 2 functions of the Endomysium? |
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Definition
- binds each muscle fiber to its neighbor
- supports capillaries that supply fibers
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Term
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Definition
| made up of all three fibers (collagen, reticular, elastic) provide an extremely strong bond and any contraction of the muscle exerts a pull on the attached bone or tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| tendons that form thick, flattened sheets |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cytoplasm, or sarcoplasmic reticulum |
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Term
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Definition
- network of tubules, vesicles, and cisternae within cells
- stores calcium ions needed for muscle contraction
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Term
| Skeletal Muscle fibers differ from typical cells: |
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Definition
- very large
- multinucleated
- transverse tubules
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Term
| MYOFIBRILS=MUSCLE FIBER=MUSCLE CELL |
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Definition
| long, cylindrical, multinucleated |
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Term
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Definition
protein filaments
(actin, myosin) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| actin and myosin filaments organized in repeating units |
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Term
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Definition
open meshwork of proteins, at either end of the sarcomere
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
where myosin come together, network of proteins that link the thick filaments
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
only made up of actin, length of actin, region between A bands
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
length of myosin, (middle of sarcomere)
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
thick myosin filaments only
[image] |
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Term
| What gives the muscles their banded appearance? |
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Definition
| corresponding bands of individual sarcomeres |
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Term
| What are the smalles FUNCTIONAL units of the muscle fiber? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is responsible for the contraction of muscle fibers? |
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Definition
| interactions between the thick and thin filaments of the sarcomeres |
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Term
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Definition
where thin filaments pass between thick filaments
[image] |
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Term
| What 2 proteins are contained in the thin filaments? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens whenan influx of calcium ions enter the sarcoplasm? |
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Definition
- Calcium bonds to troponin
- troponin covers and moves tropomyosn
- allows myosin to bind with actin
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Term
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Definition
| covers active sites on actin, precenting actin-myosin interaction |
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Term
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Definition
| holds the tropomyosin in place |
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Term
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Definition
| when myosin heads bind to active sites on actin filaments |
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Term
| How is ATP used in a muscle contraction? |
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Definition
- the breakdown of ATP "cocks" the myosin head and prepares it for binding on active site
- ATP must bond to the myosin head for it to detach and "re-cock" for another cycle
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Term
| What happens at the neuromuscular juntion? |
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Definition
- The synaptic terminal at the end of the axon is full of synaptic vesicles filled with Ach
- Ach when realease binds to receptor sites on the motor end plate initiating a change in transmembrane potential
- This change generates action potential
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Term
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Definition
- a narrow space between the synaptic terminal and the motor end plate
- contains enzyme AChE which breaks down ACh
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Term
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Definition
| all of the muscle fibers controlled by a single motor neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| a single momentary contraction in response to a single stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| some motor units are always contracting and producing a resting tension in a skeletal muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| enlargement of the stimulated muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| the reduction in muscle size and tone due to lack of stimulation on a regular basis |
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Term
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Definition
- supportd by anaerobic glycolysis, does not require O2
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Term
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Definition
- produce ATP by aerobic metabolism
- red because they contain myoglobin
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Term
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Definition
| similar to fast fibers but have more mitochondria, increased capillary supply and greater resistance to fatigue |
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Term
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Definition
| the fascicles are parallel to the long axis of the muscle; most skeletal muscles are parallel muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| the muscle fibers are based over a broad area, but all the fibers come together at a common attachment site; fan out like a broad trangle |
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Term
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Definition
one or more tendons run through the body of the muscle and the fascicles form an oblique angle to the tendon
- unipennate- iff all muscle cells are founf on the same side of the tendon
- bipennate- muscle fibers on both sides of tendon
- multipennate- if the tendon branches within the muscle
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Term
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Definition
| fibers are concentrically aranged around an opening or recess |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| muscles whose contractions are chiefly responsible for producing a movement |
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Term
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Definition
| assist the prime mover in performing that action |
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Term
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Definition
| muscles whose actions oppose that of the agonist |
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Term
| What happens to muscles as the body ages? |
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Definition
- general reduction in size and power of all muscle tissues
- tolerance for exercise decreases
- ability to recover from muscular injuru decreases
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