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Chapter Eight Vocabulary
changing earth's surface, water erosion, force of moving water, waves and wind, glaciers, earth's systerms and catastrophic events
40
Physiology
7th Grade
12/14/2006

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Term
Alluvial fan
Definition
a wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range.
Term
Delta
Definition
sediment deposited where a river flows into an ocan or a lake builds up a landform.
Term
Divide
Definition
the high ground between two drainage basins
Term
Drainage Basin
Definition
a land area from which a river and its tributaries collect their water
Term
Flood Plain
Definition
a flat, long area of land along a river
Term
Meander
Definition
a looplike bend in the course of a river
Term
Moving water
Definition
the major agent of the erosion that has shaped Earth's surface
Term
Oxbow lake
Definition
a meander that has been cut off from the river
Term
Tributary
Definition
A stream that flows into a larger stream
Term
Valleys, waterfalls, floodplains, meanders, and oxbow lakes
Definition
features formed by rivers as they erode land
Term
Abrasion
Definition
the process that gouges and scratches the bedrock as the glaciers move across the land. The wearing away of rock by a grinding action.
Term
Continental glacier
Definition
a glacier that covers most of a continent or large island
Term
Glacier
Definition
Any large mass of ice that moves slowly over land.
Term
ice ages
Definition
times in the past when continental glaciers covered large parts of the Earth's surface
Term
Kettle lake
Definition
a small depression that forms when a chunk of ice is found in a glacial till
Term
Moraine
Definition
the ridge that forms when till is deposited at the edges of a glacier
Term
Plucking
Definition
the process where a glacier flows over the land and picks up rocks
Term
Till
Definition
the mixture of sediments that a glacier has eroded and deposits on the surface when it melts
Term
Valley glacier
Definition
a long, narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up high in a mountain valley
Term
Beach
Definition
an area of wave-washed sediment along a coast.
Term
Deflation
Definition
the process by which wind moves surface materials. (the main way that wind causes erosion)
Term
Longshore drift
Definition
a process where waves hit a beach and some of the sediment moves down the beach with the current
Term
Loess
Definition
fine, wind deposited sediment
Term
Sand dune
Definition
a deposit of wind-blown sand
Term
Spit
Definition
a beach that projects like a finger into the water
Term
Sea Caves, Sea Arches, and Wave Cut Cliffs
Definition
landforms created by wave erosion
Term
Waves
Definition
the major force of erosion along coasts that form when wind blows across the water's surface
Term
Wind erosion and deposition
Definition
processes that may form sand dunes and loess deposits
Term
Deposition
Definition
a process that occurs where the agents of erosion lay down sediment
Term
Erosion
Definition
the process by which natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another
Term
Gravity
Definition
the force that moves rock and other materials downhill and causes waters potential energy to change to kinetic energy.
Term
Sediment
Definition
the material moved by erosion
Term
Land slides, mud flow (mud slides), slump, and creep
Definition
four types of mass movement
Term
Natural hazard
Definition
an event that results from Earth processes and that can cause damage and endanger human life.
Term
Droughts, earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, volcanoes, wild fires
Definition
Six examples of natural hazards
Term
Speeding up erosion and deposition
Definition
the causes of Catastrophic events
Term
How can the location of human activities increase the risk of damage from natural hazards?
Definition
People clear forests that help keep soil in place which causes more runoff. And humans settle in flood plains and floods cayuse damage to people's houses
Term
Load
Definition
the amount of sediment a river carries
Term
Turbulence
Definition
water moving every direction downstream
Term
River's slope, volume of flow, and shape of streambed
Definition
Three factors that affects how fast a river flows and how much sediment it can erode
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