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Chapter One Anatomy and Physiology
Dr. Nandhu Fall 2013
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Post-Graduate
09/17/2013

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Term
Anatomy
Definition
Structure of an organism
Term
Physiology
Definition
Function of a living organism and its components
Term
Insertion
Definition
Point of attachment that moves when a muscle contracts
Term
Origin
Definition
Point of attachment least mobile element
Term
Motor Unit
Definition
Functional unit for producing muscle action
IR - innervation ratio
High IR gross motor skills
Low IR fine motor skills
Term
Muscle Innervation
Definition
Muscles are innervated by a single nerve

Innervation can be sensory (afferent) or excitory (efferent)
Term
Antagonists
Definition
Muscles that oppose contraction of agonists
Term
Agonists
Definition
Muscles that move structures
Term
Synarthrodial Joint
Definition
Skull
It is immobile
Term
Amphiathrodial Joints
Definition
Slightly mobile

Veritable discs - cartilage forms union between two joints
Term
Ball and Socket Joint
Definition
Shoulder
Term
Saddle Joint
Definition
Thumb
Term
Condyloid Joint
Definition
Wrist movement forward and backwards
Term
Pivot Joint
Definition
First few of cervical vertebrae and skull
Term
Hinge Joint
Definition
Elbow
Term
Gliding Joint
Definition
Wave hand side to side
Term
Diathrodial Joint
Definition
Highly mobile joint cavities contain synovial fluid
Term
Tendons
Definition
Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone or cartilage
Term
Ligaments
Definition
Fibrous tissue that connects bone or cartilage
Term
Fascia
Definition
Membrane that surrounds organs
Term
Organs
Definition
Body tissues combined together to perform a special function or system
Term
Nervous Tissue
Definition
Makes up the nerves
Term
Angiography
Definition
Study of blood vessels and lymphatic system
Term
Arthrology
Definition
Study of the joints
Term
Osteology
Definition
Study of the bone structure and function
Term
Histology
Definition
Study of cells and tissues with microscope
Term
Cystology
Definition
Examines cell structure and function
Term
Developmental Anatomy
Definition
Studies growth and development from birth
Term
Microscopic
Anatomy
Definition
Study of body parts with microscope
Term
Gross Anatomy
Definition
Study of body parts without microscope
Term
Pathological Anatomy
Definition
Studies changes in body parts due to disease
Term
Descriptive Anatomy
Definition
Relates body parts to functional system
Term
Applied Anatomy
Definition
Applies to anatomy to diagnosing and treating

Clinical
Term
Muscular Tissue
Definition
Contractile

Voluntary striated
Involuntary smooth
Cardiac involuntary but striated
Term
Deep
Definition
Away from the surface
Term
Peripheral Surface
Definition
Directions towards the surface
Term
Superficial Surface
Definition
Surface of the body
Term
Posterior/Dorsal Surface
Definition
Back of the body
Term
Anterior/ Ventral Surface
Definition
Front of the body
Term
Transverse Plane
Definition
Divides body into upper and lower halves
Term
Sagittal Plane
Definition
Divides the body into left and right halves
Term
Myology
Definition
Studies muscle structure and function
Term
Neurology
Definition
Studies the nervous system
Term
Connective Tissue
Definition
Binds together and supports tissues and organs

May be solid liquid or gel like

Types:
Areolar tissue - adipose & lymphoid
Fibrous tissue - binds structures

Ex: Bone blood cartilage
Term
Epithelial Tissue
Definition
Covers surface of the body
Covers linings of cavities and passage ways

Acts as a barrier against hostile agents

Prevents dehydration/fluid loss
Term
Extension
Definition
Straightening of a joint
Term
Flexion
Definition
Bending of a joint
Term
Distal
Definition
Away from trunk or midline
Term
Proximal
Definition
Point closest to trunk or midline
Term
Lateral
Definition
The side
Term
Supine
Definition
Laying horizontal and face up
Term
Prone
Definition
Laying horizontal and face down
Term
Inferior
Definition
Lower region of body
Term
Superior
Definition
Upper region of body
Term
Frontal Plane
Definition
Divides body into front and back halves
Term
Axis
Definition
Imaginary midline in which the body pivots
Term
Anatomical Position
Definition
Body Erect

Palms arms and hands face forward
Term
Abdominal Cavity
Definition
Digestive organs
Term
Pericardial Cavity
Definition
Heart
Term
Thoracic Cavity
Definition
Lungs and ribcage can include heart
Term
Cranial Cavity
Definition
Includes brain vertebral canal where the spinal cord is found
Term
Facial Portion
Definition
Contains mouth pharynx nasal cavity and teeth
Term
Cranial Portion
Definition
Contains the brain and its components
Term
Pelvis
Definition
Formed by hipbones
Term
Dorsal Trunk
Definition
The back
Term
Trunk
Definition
The torso

Comprised of the thorax (chest)
And abdomen (belly)
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