Term
| Full dilation of the cervix occurs in the _______ stage of labor. |
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Definition
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The full dilation of the cervix signals the end of the first stage of labor. |
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Term
| What is a very late sign of an ectopic pregnancy? |
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Definition
| An ectopic pregnancy occurs when implantation of the fertilized egg is not in the body of the uterus but instead is in the oviduct (fallopian tube), cervix, or abdominopelvic cavity. An ectopic pregnancy is characterized by acute abdominal pain and, as a very late sign, hypotension (low blood pressure). |
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Term
| A prolapsed umbilical cord, where the cord is pinched between the vaginal wall and the presenting part of the baby, is handled by: |
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Definition
| When the umbilical cord is prolapsed: position the mother with her head down and buttocks raised; provide the mother with a high concentration of oxygen by way of a nonrebreather mask; check the cord for pulses and wrap the exposed cord, using a sterile towel; insert several fingers of your gloved hand into the mother's vagina so that you can gently push up on the baby's head or buttocks to keep pressure off of the cord; and keeping mother, child, and EMT as a unit, transport immediately to a medical facility. All patients with prolapsed cords require rapid transport. |
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Term
| If a patient is eight months pregnant, how much blood can she potentially lose before exhibiting signs of shock? |
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Definition
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A woman in later pregnancy may have a blood volume that is up to 48% higher than in her nonpregnant state. With hemorrhage, 30-35% blood loss may occur before otherwise healthy pregnant females exhibit signs or symptoms of hypoperfusion. |
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Term
| Meningitis is an infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord. Signs and symptoms include all of the following EXCEPT: |
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Definition
LOWER THAN NORMAL BODY TEMPERATURE
Signs of meningitis include high fever, stiff neck, lethargy, and sensitivity to light. |
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Term
| When dealing with parents who have lost a child to SIDS, it is appropriate to express your sorrow for their loss, but only after |
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Definition
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Your Answer:
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you have exhausted all resuscitative efforts.
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Correct Answer:
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a physician has informed them of the child's death. |
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Having a child die from SIDS is very traumatic for the parents. Do not be embarrassed to express your sorrow for their loss, but be sure to do so only after a physician has officially informed them of the child's death. |
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Term
| The most common cause of hypoxia in an unconscious head-injured child is: |
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Definition
| The most common cause of hypoxia in the unconscious head-injured child is the tongue falling back and blocking the airway. |
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Term
| All of the following are signs or symptoms of epiglottitis |
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Definition
| Signs of epiglottitis include a sudden onset of fever, painful swallowing, sitting in the tripod position, and working very hard to breathe. |
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Term
_______ is the number one cause of death in infants and children in the United States.
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Definition
TRAUMA
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Children are naturally curious and learn about their environment by exploring it. This often leads to injury from accidental falls or things falling on them, burns, entrapment, crushing, and other mechanisms of injury. In fact, infants and children in the U.S. are more likely to die from trauma than by any other cause. |
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Term
| One of the most reliable signs of decreased perfusion in the pediatric patient is: |
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Definition
| Since a child's body can compensate for blood loss for a long time, your best indicator of perfusion is capillary refill. Blood pressure may stay fairly normal for a long time. Increased capillary refill time will show up sooner, as the body decreases peripheral circulation to keep more blood in the body's core. |
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Term
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of hypoperfusion, or shock, in infants and children?
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Definition
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Correct Answer:
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Cardiac compromise |
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Common causes of shock in pediatric patients include diarrhea or vomiting, infection, and trauma. Failure of the heart function is rare. |
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Term
Clearing a severe airway obstruction in an infant differs from the techniques used for children and adults in that:
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Definition
| For infants less than 1 year old, alternate back blows and chest thrusts. Abdominal thrusts and blind finger sweeps are not done on infants. The infant is usually placed on the rescuer's arm, sandwiching the infant when turning over to alternate the back blows and chest thrusts. |
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Term
| "Triple A" is a common term for an _______, which is the most serious cause of abdominal pain among elderly patients. |
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Definition
| One of the most serious causes of abdominal pain in the elderly population is an abdominal aortic aneurysm, which you may hear experienced providers refer to as a "triple A." |
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Term
Serious abdominal problems may only cause slight discomfort in elderly patients because they have:
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Definition
| Due to many elderly patients' decreased sensitivity to pain, serious abdominal problems that would cause a younger person agony may produce only slight discomfort. |
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Term
An older person having a heart attack will most likely present with:
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Definition
| Whereas most people having a heart attack experience significant chest pain, an older person is more likely to have just |
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Term
Assessing an elderly patient's mental status may be very difficult because:
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Definition
| an altered mental status may be part of the patient's baseline condition. |
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Term
Herpes zoster in the older patient is usually called:
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Definition
| A condition almost unique to the older population is herpes zoster, or shingles, which causes intense pain on one side of the body. |
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Term
Consuming _______ may increase the effects of some cardiac medications.
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Definition
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Term
A part of the body associated with a specific spinal nerve is a:
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Definition
| Dermatomes are areas of the skin that are innervated by various segments of the spinal cord. |
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Term
| Which of the following is the fastest growing age group? |
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Definition
| One out of every eight persons in the United States is 65 years or older. By the year 2040, one of every five persons will be at least 65. Fortunately, with longer lives we are also seeing healthier lives. Those over 85 are the fastest growing age group. |
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Term
A device that provides constant pressure, through a tube and mask, to prevent airway passages from collapsing at the end of a breath is a(n):
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Definition
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Term
A pacemaker is designed to prevent the heart rate from becoming:
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Definition
| In the case of a pacemaker, a small device is implanted under the skin and wires are implanted into the heart. The pacemaker is designed to prevent the heart rate from becoming too slow. |
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Term
An AICD will deliver a shock if it detects:
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Definition
| An automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator (AICD) is placed under the skin with wires inserted into the heart. It is designed to detect life-threatening cardiac rhythms (ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia). The AICD delivers a single high-energy shock when a life-threatening rhythm is detected. |
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Term
| Problems with a patient's LVAD that may require rapid transport to a hospital include: |
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Definition
| Problems that may be associated with LVADs are infection, air leakage, and battery failure. All require rapid transport to a hospital. |
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Term
| During transport of a patient with a urinary catheter, keep the catheter bag: |
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Definition
| During transport of a patient with a urinary catheter, keep the catheter bag lower than the level of the patient (but not on a floor), and use care not to damage the bag with a stretcher or lifting device. |
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Term
| The type of central IV catheter that is inserted in the patient's arm is a: |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ is performed by instilling a solution containing minerals and glucose into the abdominal cavity. |
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Definition
| Peritoneal dialysis is performed by instilling a solution containing minerals and glucose into the abdominal cavity through a surgically implanted plastic tube. Hemodialysis works by inserting a needle that drains blood into the machine, which then filters the blood through a semipermeable membrane to remove waste products and fluid. |
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Term
The device that is connected to a colostomy or ileostomy and collects fecal drainage is a(n):
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Definition
| An ostomy bag is connected to a colostomy or an ileostomy, which is a stoma in the abdomen that has external tubing to allow fecal drainage from the colon or ileum. |
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Term
| All of the following are considered acquired diseases or conditions EXCEPT: |
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Definition
| An acquired disease or condition is one that occurs after birth and may be the result of exposure to a virus or bacteria or may be the result of another medical condition or trauma. Examples of acquired diseases include COPD, AIDS, and traumatic spinal cord injury. |
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Term
| Which of the following BEST describes the events that occur during the first stage of labor? |
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Definition
| Thinning and dilation of the cervix |
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Term
| During which stage of labor is the baby born? |
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Definition
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Term
| When assisting with a delivery in the field, which of the following should be done first? |
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Definition
| Apply gentle pressure to the head with your gloved hand. |
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Term
| If the baby's head is delivered with the amniotic sac still intact, which of following should be done first? |
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Definition
| Use your fingers to tear the sac away from the baby's face. |
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Term
| If the baby's umbilical cord is noted to be wrapped around his neck after the head is delivered, which of the following should be done? |
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Definition
| Try to slip the cord over the baby's head and shoulder. |
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Term
| What should be done when the infant's head has been delivered? |
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Definition
| Check to see if the unmilical cord is around the neck, suction the mouth, then the nose. |
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Term
| All of the following are signs of adequate breathing and circulation in the newborn: |
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Definition
| Heart rate greater than 100, cyanosis of only the hands and feet, and vigorous crying. |
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Term
| You are delivering a full-term infant and suctioned the mouth and nose as the head was delivered and again following complete delivery. The infant is not yet breathing. What is the correct sequence of interventions? |
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Definition
| Rub the infant's back, tap the bottom of his foot, begin bag-valve-mask ventilations, and check the pulse. |
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Term
| The normal appearance for amniotic fluid is: |
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Definition
| Clear and colorless fluid |
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Term
| What is the correct way to time the frequency of contractions in the pregnant woman? |
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Definition
| From the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next |
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Term
| If assisting in a prehospital delivery while off-duty, which of the following would be the BEST choice for tying or clamping the umbilical cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is the correct technique to check for crowning in the assessment of a woman in labor? |
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Definition
| Cover her with a sheet, have her remove her underwear, wait for a contraction, and then visualize the vaginal opening. |
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Term
| Which of the following may result from a woman in her third trimester of pregnancy lying in a supine position? |
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Definition
| Fetal comprimise, maternal hypotension, and the mother's body attempting to compensate for shock. |
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Term
| Your patient is an infant who has just been delivered 3 weeks before her due date. She is breathing adequately, has a heart rate of 140 beats per minute, and has cyanosis of her face and chest. Which of the following interventions should be done first? |
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Definition
| Place oxygen tubing near the infant's face at a flow rate of 10-12 liters per minute. |
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Term
| When clamping the umbilical cord, the clamp closest to the baby should be approximately _____ inch(es) from the infant's body. |
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Definition
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Term
| What following conditions should be present before the umbilical cord is cut? |
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Definition
| The infant is breathing on her own, the cord is no longer pulsating, and the cord is clamped in two places. |
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Term
| Normal maternal blood loss during delivery of an infant usually does not exeed how much? |
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Definition
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Term
| What should the EMT do to control maternal bleeding after delivery of the baby? |
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Definition
| Apply direct pressure with a sanitary napkin over any perineal lacerations. Allow the infant to nurse, if possible. Massage the uterus until it is firm and grapefruit-sized. |
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Term
| Which of the following is indicated in the prehospital management of a prolapsed umbilical cord? |
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Definition
| Place the mother in a head-down position with pillows under her hips. |
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Term
| Under what circumstances should the mother be transported immediately? |
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Definition
| The mother experiences a severe, tearing sensation in her abdomen during labor and the outline of the fetus can be felt through the abdominal wall. The infant's arm is the presenting part. Delivery is not imminent and there is about 500 cc of painless, bright red bleeding. |
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Term
| Which of the following is true of premature infants? |
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Definition
| They are at risk for respiratory difficulty. They are susceptible to infection. They can easily develop hypothermia. |
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Term
| Which of the following is the highest priority to the EMT in delivery of an infant with meconium stained amniotic fluid? |
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Definition
| Being prepared to suction the infant immediately before he takes a breath. |
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Term
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Definition
| The placenta is implanted over the opening of the cervix |
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