Term
|
Definition
| The study of matter and it's changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A change in physical state or form, same molecules before and after change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A change in a chemical's composition, different molecules |
|
|
Term
| Properties of solids, liquids and gases |
|
Definition
Solids= Definite shape & volume
Liquid= Definite volume no definite shape
Gases= Neither definite shape or volume
Solid is more ordered than liquid which is more ordered than gas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Atomic Mass-
Atomic Number- |
|
Definition
- Number below the symbol; neutrons & protons
- The number above the symbol; protons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-To the left of the staircase
-To the right of the staircase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definite proportion problems |
|
Definition
| A compound always contains the same elements in certain definite proportions |
|
|
Term
| Multiple proportions identification |
|
Definition
| Elements may combine in more than one set of proportions with each set corresponding to a different compound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Positively charged ions
-Negatively charged ions
-All elements want octet (H wants 2), metals lose e-, nonmetals gain e- |
|
|
Term
| Three kinds of radiation and their properties |
|
Definition
Alpha- mass +4, charge +2, helium nucleus
Beta- mass 0, charge -1, electron
Gamma- mass 0, charge 0, x-ray |
|
|
Term
| Isotopes; what makes an isotope |
|
Definition
They have the same atomic number but different mass numbers
Add or subtract neutrons to get an isotope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
s=2; p=6; d=10, f=14
FE- 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d6 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Ionic= metals & non-metals; The metals (cations) lose an electron, the non-metals (anions) gain an electron, high melting point, crystalline, electrolysis
-Covalent= non-metals and non-metals; reaction occuring between two non metals by sharing electrons, low melting point, liquids, don't form ions
Bonding occurs to form the octet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Electrons in the outermost shell |
|
|
Term
| Naming ionic and covalent bonds |
|
Definition
Ionic compounds- name the ions and change the suffix to -ide
Covalent compounds- use a prefix to denote the number of atoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Take the mass number of the elements and times it by the number of that element you have, then add |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
M= mols of a solute/Liters of a solution
Molarity=volumes (molarity) = mols |
|
|
Term
| Molar volume of a gas at STP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acid releases H+
Base releases OH-
A strong acid/base completely ionizes in solution |
|
|
Term
| What are the qualities of an acid/base |
|
Definition
Acid: turns litmus red, tastes sour, reacts with metals to release H, reacts with base to form water and salt
Base: turns litmus blue, tastes bitter, slippery, reacts with acid to form water and salt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Above 7 is base
7 is neutral
Below 7 is acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gains oxygen, loses electron, loses hydrogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Loses oxygen, gains electron, gains hydrogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Composition of earth's crust |
|
Definition
Lithosphere-land
Hydrosphere-water
Atmosphere-air |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The chemistry of hydrocarbon and their derivatives of tens of millions of known chemical compounds, over 95% are compounds of carbon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small molecule (usually water) is expelled from polymer |
|
|
Term
| Formation of esters and amides from acids and alcohols or amines |
|
Definition
Amides- Proteins are condensation polymers (make by taking out water) of amino acids)
Esters- formed by replacing the H of a carboxylic acid with the alkyl group of an alcohol or phenol |
|
|
Term
| Structure of the earth and the earth's crust |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identification of fossil fuels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Coal contains sulfur which when combusted produces sulfur dioxide which contributes to acid rain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cleanest- gases then liquids then solids- dirtiest
Dirty = coal
Clean= natural gas |
|
|
Term
| Fastest growing energy source in the US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
