2) 京 / jing

北京 / Beijing

capital / Beijing

head (hou)+ structure of a building (symbol)

2a) 凉

liang

cool

ice (bing) + large/capital (jing)

a large building with a high ceiling and thick walls is cool like ice

2b) 谅

liang

forgive

word (yan) + large/capital (jing)

words of a high-ranking official living in a large building has the power to forgive/pardon

2d) 影

ying

shadow, photo, movie

sunshine (jing) + decorate/hair (shan)

when the sun shines, buildings cast shadows;
shadows are also used in photos and movies