Term
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Definition
| the language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors and even material objects that characterize a group and are passed from one generation to the next. |
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Term
| What is material culture? |
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Definition
| The material objects that distinguish a group of people, such as their art, buildings, weapons, utensils, machines, hairstyles, clothing, and jewelry. |
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Term
| What is non-material culture? |
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Definition
| a group's way of thinking (beliefs and values) and doing(common patterns of behavior). |
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Term
| What is the "culture within us" |
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Definition
| Culture that penetrates our beings at an early age and quickly become part of our taken-for-granted assumptions of what normal is. We were born with none of these fundamental cultural orientations that makes a person up. |
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Term
| What do we take for granted in regards to culture? |
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Definition
| Our speech, our gestures, our beliefs, and our customs. |
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Term
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Definition
| the disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken for granted assumptions about life. |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of one's own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies, generally leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms and behaviors. |
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Term
| What is cultural relativism? |
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Definition
| not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ways in which people use their bodies to communicate with one another. |
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Term
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Definition
| a system of symbols that can be combined in an infinite number of ways and can represent not only objects but also abstract thought. |
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Term
| What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis state? |
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Definition
| Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf's hypothesis that language creates ways of thinking and perceiving rather than objects and events forcing us into consciousness. |
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Term
| What two things do language do with our cultural experiences? What and/or how does the racial-ethnic terms that our culture provides influence what? |
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Definition
language both reflects and shapes our cultural experiences.
These terms influence how we see ourselves and others. |
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Term
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Definition
| expectations of "right" behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| either expressions of approval given to people for upholding norms or expressions of disapproval for violating them |
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Term
| What is a positive sanction? |
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Definition
| a reward or positive reaction for following norms, ranging from a smile to a material reward. |
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Term
| What is a negative sanction? |
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Definition
| an expression of disapproval for breaking a norm, ranging from a mild, informal reaction such as frown to a prison sentence. |
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Term
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Definition
| the values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish its members form the larger culture; a world within a group. |
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Term
| What is a counterculture? |
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Definition
| a group whose values, beliefs, norms, and related behaviors place it's members in opposition to the broader culture. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ogburn's term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations. |
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Term
| What is cultural leveling? |
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Definition
| A process in which cultures become more and more similar to one another. |
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Term
| What does intelligence depend on most in early childhood development? |
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Definition
| On early, close relations with other humans. |
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Term
| What is the term "looking-glass self" mean? |
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Definition
| the process by which our self develops through internalizing others' reactions to us. |
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Term
| What is significant others? |
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Definition
| individuals who significantly influence our lives, such as parents or siblings. |
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Term
| What are agents of socialization? |
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Definition
| people or groups that affect our self-concept, attitudes, behaviors, or other orientations toward life. |
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Term
| What are the effects of children staying in daycare rather than being at home? |
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Definition
| Negative effects of being in daycare is that they have weaker bonds with their mothers and are less affectionate to them. They are less cooperative with others and more likely to fight and be mean. Positively, they score higher on language tests. |
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Term
| What are latent functions? |
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Definition
| unintended beneficial consequences of people's actions. |
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Term
| What does children learn when they go to school? |
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Definition
| That the same "rules" apply to everyone, regardless who their parents are or how special they may be at home. This is called "universality" |
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Term
| What is a hidden curriculum? |
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Definition
| To values that, although not explictly taught, are part of a school's "cultural message" |
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Term
| What is a corridor curriculum? |
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Definition
| What students teach one another outside of the classroom. usually negative. |
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Term
| What is re-socialization? |
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Definition
| The process of learning new norms, values, attitudes and behaviors. |
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Term
| What is a degradation ceremony? |
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Definition
| a ritual whose goal is to remake someone's self by stripping away that individual's self-identity and stamping a new identity in its place. |
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Term
| What are some research methods you could use? |
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Definition
| Documents, experiments, unobtrusive measures, surveys, case studies. |
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Term
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Definition
| a statement of what you'd expect to find according to predictions from a theory. |
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Term
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Definition
| that if other researchers use your operational definitions, the results will be the same. |
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Term
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Definition
| a target group to be studied. |
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Term
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Definition
| the individuals intended to represent the population to be studied. |
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Term
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Definition
| a sample in which everyone in the target population has the same chance of being included in the research. |
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Term
| What is participant observation or fieldwork? |
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Definition
| research in which the resercher participates in a research setting while observing what is happening in that setting. |
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Term
| What is secondary analysis? |
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Definition
| the analysis of data that have been collected by other researchers. |
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Term
| What are the four primary factors that affects the research method chosen? |
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Definition
Access to resources.
Access to subjects.
Purpose of the research.
The researcher's background/or training |
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