Extreme Close-Up

Cinematography: One part of character/object

Use: Facial features in character/object

Example: Disturbia

Close-Up

Cinematography: Head and neck of character, 80% if screen

Use: May be used to show tension
Example: Catch Me if You Can

Medium Shot

Cinematography: Character shown waist up

Use: Small groups of people
Example: The Sixth Sense 

Long Shot

Cinematography: Shot from a distance, full body

Use: Groups of people, large-scale action, architectural details
Example: The Breakfast Club

Extreme Long Shot

Cinematography: Characters small in frame, major parts of buildings

Use: Show landscape and architectural exteriors
Example: The Pursuit of Happyness

Establishing Shot

Cinematography: Long shot or a series of shots that sets scene

Use: Give audience a sense of locality at a new location
Example: Pretty in Pink

Decor

Mise en Scène: Objects within scene, setting

Use: Amplify character emotion or dominant food of a film

Example: Phonebooth

Lighting

Mise en Scène: Intensity, direction, and quality of light

Use: Focus attention on particular elements of composition

Example: 17 Again

Space

Mise en Scène: Depth, proximity, size, and proportion of places and objects

Use: Determining mood or relationships between elements

Example: Little Miss Sunshine

Costume

Mise en Scène: Clothes characters wear

Use: Signify characters or make distinctions between them

Example: Marie Antoinette

Acting

Mise en Scène: Performance style

Use: Bring characters to life

Example: Identity

Eye Level

Camera Techniques: Camera even with characters' eyes

Use: Make scenes more natural

Example: Home alone

High Angle

Camera Techniques: Camera above subject

Use: Makes subjects look small, weak, trapped, and powerless

Example: Signs

Low Angle

Camera Techniques: Camera below subject

Use: Makes subject look large, strong, powerful, threatening

Example: Matilda

Pan

Camera Techniques: Stationary camera that moves side to side

Camera Techniques: Moving in makes shot more personal, moving out makes shot more distant

Camera Techniques: Stationary camera that tilts up and down

Camera Techniques: Camera on track that allows it to move with the action

Camera Techniques: Camera on a crane over the action, overhead shots

High Key

Lighting: Scene is flooded with light

Use: Bright and open looking scene

Example: About a Boy

Low Key

Lighting: Scene is flooded with shadows and darkness

Use: Creates suspense and suspicion

Example: Slumdog Millionaire

Bottom/Side

Lighting: Direct from below or one side

Use: Often dangerous/evil looking or split personality/morally ambiguous

Example: Grease

Front/Rear

Lighting: Soft, direct lighting on face or behind of subject

Use: Innocence, “halo”

Example: Insomnia

Editing: Most common transition

Use: “Cut” to another image

Editing: Scene fades black or white

Use: Often implies that time has passed

Editing: An image dissolves into another

Use: Can create connection between images

Editing: A new image wipes off the previous image

Use: More fluid than a cut/quicker than dissolve

Two-Shot

(Shot-Reverse-Shot)

Editing: Shot of one subject, then another, and then back to first

Use: Conversation often, reaction shot, used with eye-line match

Editing: Cut to action that has happened in the past

Use: Show a different time

Cross Cutting

(Parallel Editing)

Editing: Cut to action that is happening simultaneously

Use: Show relationship in time of the two actions

Editing: Cut to object then to person

Use: Show that person is looking at the object

Point of View

(POV)

Editing: Cut to object through the eyes of the subject

Use: Show point of view of person

Diegetic

Sound: Sound that characters and audience can hear

a. Voice of characters

b. Sounds made my objects in scene

c. Source music from instruments in scene

d. Basic sound effects, dog barking, etc.

e. Music coming from source on set

Non-Diegetic

Sound: Sound coming from a source outside the story space

a. Narrator’s commentary

b. Voice of God

c. Sound effect which is added for dramatic  effects

d. Mood music

e. Film score