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Cinematography
Film flashcards
71
Film, Theatre & Television
Undergraduate 1
03/10/2013

Additional Film, Theatre & Television Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
  • Camera Placement

Definition
Where the camera is in relation to the subject 
Term
Camera Movement
Definition
Camera Movement is to meant to provide drama and reveal information
Term
Lenses
Definition
Responsible for the various types of focus, allowing for cinematographers to choose what is clear and how it looks.
Term
Shot
Definition
A single uninterrupted series of frames
Term
Scene
Definition
Coherent unit with beginning, middle, and end
Term
Take
Definition
One version of a shot. A shot will often have multiple takes in order for the director to choose the best one for film.
Term
Slow Motion
Definition
Filming at a higher rate than projecting in order to make an action appear slower than it is
Term
Fast Motion
Definition
Filming at a lower rate than projecting in order to make an action appear faster than it is.
Term
Time Lapse Photography
Definition
One frame or picture taken over stretches of time (e.g. 1 frame per day) in order to show the long event in a short amount of time.
Term
Go-Motion
Definition
Incorporating movement into a single frame, creating blur.
Term
Frozen Time/ Bullet Time
Definition
Filming a moment with an array of cameras of capture one moment from any angles, making it look the moment is frozen in time and we are moving around it.
Term

Eye Level Shots:

 

 

Definition
Shot in which the camera is the same heght as the subject's eyes
Term

High Angle Shots:

 

Definition

Camera is positioned above the action and aimed downward

- Used to emphasize lack of power or confidence in character

Term
Low Angle Shots
Definition

Position the below the subject, aiming upward

-Often represent the power of characters

Term
Canted/Dutch Angle
Definition

Leans to one side

- Creates uncertainty, tension, "loss of control"

Term
Overheard Shot/Birds Eye Shot
Definition
Used to create "dramatic effect
Term
Extreme Long Shot
Definition
"Human subject is very small in relation to the surrounding environment"
Term
Long Shot
Definition
"Occupies relatively more space in the frame, but is still entirely within the frame.
Term
Medium Long
Definition
Knees up
Term
Medium
Definition
Waist Up
Term
Medium Close Up
Definition
Chest Up
Term
Close up
Definition
Section of the body (e.g. face)
Term
Extreme Close up
Definition
Body Part
Term
Two Shot
Definition
Two Characters both in a close up
Term
Hand - Held Camera Movement
Definition
With an apparatus (tripod, steadicam, rig, dolly, crane, etc)
Term

Zoom

 

Definition
Technically this isn't a camera move, but a change in the lens focal length with gives the illusion of moving the camera closer or further away.
Term
Pan (following, surveying)
Definition
The horizontal turning of a camera fixed to a tripod
Term
Tilt
Definition
The technique of topping the camera vertically while it remains secure (often to a tripod)
Term
Dolly (wheel, track, sliding, or table top dolly)
Definition
A platform on wheels, typically used for a moving camera shot in which the subjects move in and out of the shot's foreground to give insights into teh film's context and action
Term
Truck
Definition
Often called crabbing, is very similar to dolly shots except for instead of moving in anout out, the camera moves sideways
Term
Pedestal/Boom
Definition
Vertical or horizontal movement of the camera without changing the angle, often done with a mechanical arm that counterweights to allow only the cmaera position but not its angle.
Term
Crane
Definition
A shot taken from a camera mounted on a crane or other body that can move three-dimensionally in space across axes, allowing for different angles, positions distances, and heights.
Term
Rack Focus
Definition
A change of focus from one plane or depth to another. As the in-focus subject goes out of focus, another object which had previously been blurry comes into focus in either the background of foreground.
Term
Shot - Reverse - Shot
Definition
Where one actor is shown looking at another character, sometimes off screen, and then the opposite character is shown looking back at the first. Often implies they are looking at one another, and is used to depict conversation with emotional responses to character dialogue.
Term
Point-of-view Shot
Definition

Give the audience the feeling that they're witnessing the action from the eyes of the character through their eyes. It is taken from near the eye-level of the actore and shows what he might see.

 

Term
Over-the-shoulder shot
Definition

A shot of someone or something taken from the perspective from the shoulder of another person.

The back shoulder and head of this person is used to frame the image of whatever or whomever the camera is pointing towards.

Term
Aperture
Definition
A hole or opening in camera that allows ligh to travel through
Term
Normal Lens
Definition
No spatial distortions and is approximate to the vision of the human eye. Focal length is 27-75mm.
Term
Wide Angle Lens
Definition
Creates a much wider view for the audience and exxagerate the depth of the scene. The foreground is more pronounced while objects in the background are much smaller. Thus the distance between the two seems greater. Focal Length is 75-1000mm.
Term
Fish Eye
Definition
Distorts an image so that most straight lines appear to be curved. Focal length is less than 17.5mm.
Term
Split Screen
Definition
This is the combination of two or more images into one frame. It is used to give the auidence more perspective on two events that occur simultaneously.
Term

Focal Length

 

Definition

The distance from the lens to the film in the camera. Lenses with longer focal length will mean a

“shallower depth of field...” 

Term

Zooming In/Out

 

Definition
Both techniques change the size of the object but not its focus. 
Term

Trombone Effect

 

Definition
This is a combination of a tracking shot and a zooming out shot used to create an uncomfortable feeling for the audience. During a trombone effect the size of the object does not change while its depth does. 
Term

Neutral-Density Filters

 

Definition
Allows for less light to hit the film stock and leads to no change in hue. 
Term

Polarizing filter

 

Definition

 

Darkens the sky and reduces reflection. It also increases color saturation in outdoor settings. 

Term

Diffusion filters

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[image]

 

Definition

Used to blur images and reduce sharpness in order to enhance the beauty of the human face (can be

used to remove wrinkles).

Term

Fog filters

 

Definition
Used to create a soft glow and refract light 
Term

Star filters

 

Definition
Used to create a star-shaped pattern in a light source. 
Term

Color filters

 

Definition
“Absorb certain wavelengths” used to add color to an entire scene. 
Term

Day for Night

 

Definition
-This technique uses different filters and contrasting to create a nighttime experience during the day.
-Also known as “nuit Américain” or American night
-Less, easily identifiable on black and white film although still used today when lighting at night does not work. 
Term

Deep Focus

 

Definition

-This technique is used to create focus in both the foreground and the background -Wide angle lenses with narrow aperture
-Fastest film stock
-Large arc lamps used to illuminate the set

-Compose in depth occurs when directors move actors and settings in order to create several planes of depth.

Term

Emulsion

Definition
Light sensitive layer in which image is formed (pg. 164) 
Term
Base
Definition
Flexible support material for the emulsion    
Term
Speed
Definition
Measurement of film stock’s sensitivity to light
-Fast film is best for low light conditions, but produces grainy images
-Slow film is best for conditions in which fimmakers have optimal lighting conditions because it will produce finer grain images 
Term

  Grain

 

Definition

Suspended particles of grains in the emulsion layer (finer grain means more detail)

     

Term

Exposure

 

Definition
Amount of light hitting light sensitive emulsion layer, manipulated by shutter speed and aperture -Overexposure means there is more contrast and colors are washed out
-Underexposure means less contrast and shadows are more dense 
Term

Tinting

 
Definition
A technique involving dipping film in dye, usually one scene at a time -Developed around 1910, before Technicolor
-Conventions: blue = night, amber = candle light, red = romance 
Term
Toning
Definition
Colored metal salts used instead of the usual silver halide so dark parts that are usually black are in color 
Term

Pushing

 

Definition
Allowing more time to develop (more contrast) 
Term

Pulling

 

Definition

 

Less time to develop(less contrast) 

Term

Forced Development

 

Definition
Overexpose film negative & push
-Technique used when lighting conditions are poor -Greater contrast 
Term

Flashing

 

Definition
Before, during, after shooting film exposed 
Term

Bleach Bypass

 

Definition
Leave silver grains in emulsion layer instead of bleaching them out -Both desaturate color, often used to create an old-timey or depressing look 
Term

Front/Rear Projection

 

Definition
A Technique used to join live action with a pre-recorded background image. A projector is placed behind a screen (or in front of a screen at an angle to a one-way mirror) and projects an image onto it. Actors stand in front of the screen and from the camera's perspective they are recorded in front of the projected background. 
Term

Matte Paintings (Glass Shots)

 

Definition
A painting used on the set as a portion of the background. Glass shots are a type of matte shot created by placing a pane of optically flawless glass with a painting on it between the camera and scene to be photographed. 
Term

Post-Production

 

Definition

The period after principle photography during which editing and looping take place, and special visual effects are added to the film. 

Term

Compositing

 

Definition

A technique involving dipping film in dye, usually one scene at a time -Developed around 1910, before Technicolor
-Conventions: blue = night, amber = candle light, red = romance

Colored metal salts used instead of the usual silver halide so dark parts that are usually black are in color

[image]

Creating images during post-production by joining together photographic or CGI material shot or created at

different times and places. 

Term

Blue/Green Screen

 

Definition
A compositing method that allows cinematographers to combine live action footage and settings that are filmed or created separately Actors are filmed against a green or blue background. During post-production, this background is filled in with an image through the use of a traveling matte. 
Term

Computer-Generated Images

 

Definition
Images that originated from computer graphics technology rather than photography. 
Term

Performance Capture

 

Definition
A production process by which a device can be used to capture patterns of live movement; the data is then transmitted to a computer, where simulation software displays it applied to a virtual actor 
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